FORM TWO
GOD MEETS US IN JESUS CHRIST
INTRODUCTION
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John record the life of Jesus Christ and his ministry in the four Gospel books.
We shall trace the life, and ministry of Jesus Christ as written by St Luke to Theophilus. St Luke was amedical doctor.
TOPIC ONE: OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE MESSIAH
Introduction: Read 2 Samuel 7:13, Isaiah 7:10-16
Messiah
Meaning: The word Messiah is from a Hebrew word meshiach, which means the anointed: thus a
Messiah is one called, anointed and appointed by God to serve Him.
Prophecy:
A prophecy refers to a prediction of what will happen in future.
Messianic Prophecies: These are those predictions that were made by the prophets to describe thecoming of a righteous King who will rule Israel according to God’s will.
The origin of the Messianic prophecies in the Bible starts with prophet Nathan’s prophecy to KingDavid.
NOTE:
The Roman ruled the Israelites before the birth of Jesus. They hated the Roman leadership and longedfor somebody of their own to lead them into victory over the Roman rule.
The prophet of Israel (the Old Testament) communicated a message that God would send a messiah tobring all people into a lasting relationship with Him. The prophets who were sent had different ideasabout the Messiah. Their ideas about the Messiah were different from the Jewish expectations –whereby they hoped for political King to lead them into victory over the Roman rule. But the prophetswere talking about a religious one – to free them from sin.
Topic Outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
LESSON ONE. OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH.
Learning Outcomes: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe prophesies of Nathan,Isaiah, Jeremiah, Psalmist prophecy (David) and Micah concerning the Messiah
(i) NATHAN’S PROPHECY (2 Samuel 7:3 – 17) and (Psalms 89: 20 – 38).
David proposed to build God a house. Nathan, the prophet was given a message (an oracle) for David. Inthis prophecy, God told Nathan to tell King David that:
God would ensure that the Kingdom of David would last forever.
an heir from David’s lineage would rule
David’s heir shall build a house for God’s name. God would establish the throne of his Kingdomforever.
David heir shall be God’s son and God shall be his father.
David house and Kingdom shall be established forever.
David died. But God’s mercy shall not depart from the heir of David. Hence the promise that the
Kingdom of David shall last forever refer to the messiah who was to come. David is an ancestor ofChrist.
(ii) ISAIAH’S PROPHECY – Isaiah 7: 10 – 16; 9: 1- 7; 61:1 –2; and 63.
In these readings, Isaiah prophesied that the Messiah would be:
Born of a virgin
A boy, born of a virgin and called ‘Emmanuel’ that is ” God with us”
A Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, The everlasting Father, and the Prince of Peace.
The Spirit of God inside him
Anointed of God
Sent to preach the good news to the poor, to bring liberty to the captives, proclaim the year of favour7from God.
Isaiah also prophesied that the Messiah would be the suffering servant (Isaiah 53)
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUFFERING SERVANT – ISAIAH 53
He would bear the sins of human kind
He was oppressed, afflicted, despised, rejected of men
He bore suffering and disgrace submissively
He was mocked and spat on and wounded
He was innocent of sin and yet treated as a criminal.
He was pierced and wounded in the sides
He was crucified with thieves and made intercession for the sinners
He was buried in a rich man’s tomb.
iii. JEREMIAH’S PROPHECY- JEREMIAH 23: 5 – 6.
God promised to rise up a (branch) who shall:
Choose as King, a righteous descendant of David
Prosper
Rule wisely, do what is right, and just in the world
Execute justice on the earth
Ensure that Judah and Israel are safe and live in peace.
Be called ‘the God our righteousness” – “The Lord our salvation’
What does the term a ‘righteous branch ‘means?
Micah prophesied that:
The Messianic King shall come from Bethlehem
He shall lead with authority
He will bring peace
David spoke of
Betrayal by a close friend
Messiah is referred to as ‘ the Lord’
The messiah shall rule/reign in the midst of enemies.
Summary
Nathan, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Psalmist prophecy (David) and Micah prophesied of a Messiah to come. The
Jews expected a Messiah who would be a political leader, a victorious ruler and a King. They expected a
Messiah:
Who would lead his people into a time of great national power and prosperity;
In whose reign, there shall be no illness, no sorrow, no injustice,
In whose reign, there shall be no fear
In whose reign, land shall be filled with joy and peace
Who shall rule forever.
Revision questions
1) Describe the prophecy of Jeremiah concerning the Messiah
2) What does the term Messiah mean?
3) Highlight the Jewish expectations of the Messiah in the Old Testament?
4) Did Jesus Christ fulfill the O.T. prophecies concerning the Messiah? How?
5) Which prophets in the Old Testament prophesied about the expected Messiah?
LESSON TWO. THE CONCEPT OF THE MESSIAH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain the concept of the Messiahin the New Testament
The concept of messiah is found in Luke 1:26 – 38; 2:1-23; 23:1 – 35; 24:50 – 51. The writer of Luke’sGospel makes it clear that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming of theMessiah. How did He do this? Well Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies because;
Jesus was born from the lineage of David (Mathew 1)
Angle Gabriel said the child to be born shall rule forever (Luke 1:32) Nathan’s prophecy
Jesus was born of Mary a Virgin, as pre told by Isaiah 7:14
Messiah is called Emmanuel, Isaiah’s prophecy. Mathew 1:18 – 25
Jesus was born in Bethlehem – Micah’s prophecy
The Messiah would be a ‘Son of David’ – Nathan, and Jeremiah prophesies. Jesus was referred to as a‘Son of David’ (Luke 18:38)
Jesus would bring salvation said by Simeon during dedication of Jesus. Luke 2:29 – 32. This was afulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy.
Jesus referred to himself as the Messiah by reading the scroll. Isaiah 61:1 – 2.and Luke 4: 18 – 19
Isaiah prophesied that the Messiah would perform miracles. Jesus performed many miracles.
The prophecy of the suffering servant (Isaiah 53) was fulfilled through the passion, death andcrucifixion of Jesus Christ.
We see Jesus betrayed by one of his disciples – friend, fulfilling the Psalmist prophecy.
Note that the Jews in the New Testament expected a messiah who would deliver them from the rule ofthe Romans. Jews expected Jesus to be a political leader or king. However, Peter called him ‘the Christ ofGod’ (Luke 9:20). Matthew called him King of the Jews in chapter (2 verse 2). Hence, Jesus came as aSpiritual Leader and King, and not as a political Leader / King.
Self-Assessment Questions
LESSON THREE. ANNUNCIATION OF THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
Introduction
The parents of John the Baptist were Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth. Zechariah’s name meant ‘God hasremembered’. Elizabeth’s name meant ‘God has sworn’.
Learning outcomeBy the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the annunciation of thebirth of John the Baptist and Jesus.
John the Baptist
Zechariah was a priest. He and his wife Elizabeth were old, good and righteous people of God. But theydid not have a child. They were barren. But God gave them a child, John the Baptist. His birth wasannounced to his father, Zechariah, when he was in the temple offering incense. An Angel appeared toZechariah and told him that his prayers had been heard. His wife Elizabeth will bear a son. The angel saidthe child would be called John, which means that ‘God is gracious’. The child
will be set aside to serve God.
will be filled with the Holy Spirit
As an adult, John
Zachariah expressed unbelief to these words. Angel Gabriel told him that he shall be dumb until thefulfillment of the God’s words.
The Birth, Circumcision and Naming Of John the Baptist
Elizabeth brought forth a son. This brought great joy to her and Zachariah. The cousins, and neighboursof Elizabeth wanted the Child to be named Zechariah after the father. But Elizabeth insisted on thename John. When Zechariah was asked to name the child, he wrote down the name John. On the 8thday, the child was named John as the angel had said. John was circumcised on the 8th day according tothe Jewish traditions.
After naming his Child John, the mouth of Zechariah opened immediately and he started to speak. Hesang a song – referred to as Benedictus in Luke 1:67 – 79. As he sung the Benedictus, Zechariahprophesied that God has:
Raised up a horn of salvation on the house of David
Remembered his covenant with Abraham
Zechariah said this about his Child John:
He shall be the prophet of the most high
The child/John shall prepare the way of the lord by
(i) Calling men to forgiveness
(ii) Showing men the light of salvation
(iii) Guiding people into peace.
LESSON FOUR. THE ROLE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
The role of John the Baptist is found in Isaiah 40: 3 – 5, Malachi 3:1, 4:5 – 6, and
Luke 7: 20 – 35.
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the role of John the Baptistin the Gospel.
John the Baptist had an important role to play according to the Angel who announced his coming birth.
His role was to: .
John theBaptist was likened to Elijah.
Topic review questions
TOPIC TWO: THE INFANCY AND EARLY LIFE OF JESUS – LUKE 1:26 – 38
Learning Outcomes: By the end of this lesson, you should:
(i) A Son
(ii) CalledJesus (which means God serves.
(iii) The child shall be great
(iv) He shall be called the son of the highest.
(v) He shall be given the throne of his father David
(vi) He shall reign forever
(vii) His kingdom will neverend.
Read again and explain what angel Gabriel said concerning the child to be born to Mary?
Angel Gabriel had told Mary that her cousin Elizabeth was also going to have a child. Mary went to visither. The child in Elizabeth’s womb leaped when Mary greeted Elizabeth. The Holy Spirit revealed toElizabeth that Mary is the mother of her Lord, the Messiah. Mary answered Elizabeth by singing thehymn “The Protector” in Psalm 121:3, The Love of God. Psalm 103:17, 98:3.
The Magnificent In this hymn Mary says:
Her soul magnifies the Lord.
The Lord has regarded the poor and those of low estate.
God’s mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.
God humbles the proud and mighty, and exalts those of low estate (the lowly)
God has filled the hungry and sent the rich away empty
Through the magnificent, Mary, expresses her joy, gratitude and favour given to her and the world.
The birth of Jesus took place in Bethlehem, in Judea, during the reign of Augustus Caesar, a RomanEmperor. During that time, Rome was conducting a census of the people / citizens for the purpose ofcollecting taxes. The census was ordered by the emperor to determine payment of taxes. The methodthat Rome was using was counting. Joseph, of the house of David went to his hometown, calledBethlehem; for the census. Jesus was born during this time. He was wrapped in swaddling clothes andlaid in a manger because there was no accommodation in Bethlehem.
The first people to receive the news that a Savior was born were the shepherds. An angel announcedthe birth of the Savior, Christ the lord, to the shepherds. The shepherds went to Bethlehem and saw thechild Jesus. They spread the word concerning what had been told them about the child.
How was the annunciation of the birth of Jesus extraordinary?
Like John the Baptist, Jesus was circumcised, and named on the 8th day. He was named Jesus whichmeans ‘the savior’ or Yahweh or save’s. Mary and Joseph observed the Jewish customs according to theLaw of Moses. For her purification and dedication of the child Jesus, Mary brought a pair of turtledovesas an offering. The first born males were dedicated to God as Holy. Simeon took the child up in his armsfor dedication and said that:
“The child is set for the fall and rising of many in Israel. A Sword will pierce Mary’s soul on account of thechild.” Prophet Anna also came to the temple and prophesied that the child shall bring deliverance.
The parents of Jesus Mary and Joseph went to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover. WhenJesus was 12, he accompanied them to Jerusalem. After the feast the parents went home withoutrealizing that their child, Jesus was not with them. But while on the way, they realized he was notamongst them.
They returned to Jerusalem, and looked for him for 3 days. They found him sitting in the temple;listening and asking teacher’s questions. All those who were in the temple were astonished by hiswisdom and intelligence. It is in the temple that Jesus is revealed, first as a true son of his people andalso as light and salvation for all people. On being questioned by Mary and Joseph, Jesus answered thus:
”Didn’t you know I had to be in my Father’s house, about my Father’s business?” This was an echo ofMalachi 3:1 “the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple”.
Answer these questions
1 Trace occasions when angels appeared to people in the New Testament
2 How did Jesus follow the customs and traditions of the Jewish people?
Answers
(a) Angel appeared to Zechariah to announce birth of John the Baptist
(b) Angel appeared to Mary to announce the birth of Jesus Christ
(c) Angels appeared to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born
(d) Angel appeared to Joseph in a dream warning him to flee to Egypt with the child and Mary
(i) He was named on the 8th day
(ii) He was circumcised on the 8th day
(iii) His parents took him to the temple for the annual cerebrations of the. Passover
(iv) He went to the synagogue
(v) In his dedication as a first male, his parents offered the sacrifices expected from them.
Topic Review Questions
TOPIC THREE: THE GALILEAN MINISTRY – LUKE 3-8
John the Baptist and Jesus Christ
Learning Outcomes: By the end of this topic, you should:
LESSON ONE. THE PREACHING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST (Luke3: 1 – 20)
John the Baptist preached about
What does the term social justice mean?
Find the answer in (d).
Summary of the teachings of John the Baptist
Relevance of the teachings of John the Baptist to Christians today
The teachings challenge Christians to be fair, honest, and just in their dealings with other people.
Christians should avoid being hypocritical to one another.
Christians need to know that God will judgethem for their wrongdoing. Hence Christian should repent their sins sincerely and seek forgiveness.
Christians should warn non-believers of the coming judgment. They should preach against evils withoutfear; and avoid corruption, and sexual immorality. Christians should live together in harmony. Baptismwas important to Christians.
Group Activity: Read Luke and find out how John the Baptist was killed, why and by whom
LESSON TWO. THE BAPTISM OF JESUS AND ITS RELEVANCE TODAY
Learning Outcomes: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
When Jesus was around 30 years of age, He went to be baptized by John the Baptist. Jesus was the last to be baptized. Although he did not need to repent as He did not sin ; He nevertheless was baptized even though He was without sin.
When he was baptized, the heaven opened and the Holy Ghost descended on Him in the form of a dove. At the same time, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased”.
He was baptized because:
Lesson Revision questions
LESSON THREE. TEMPTATIONS OF JESUS: RELEVANCE TO CHRISTIANS TODAY
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the lesson, you should
Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit returned from Jordan into the desert. Like Elijah, Moses, He ate and drunk nothing for 40 days and nights. He was hungry after 40 days.
It is at this time of weakness when the devil tempted Him.
First temptation.
The devil told Jesus to proof that He was the Son of God by turning the stones to become bread. Jesus however replied that it is written man does not live on bread alone to sustain him but on everything that the Lord says (Deut 8:3). Satan was telling Jesus to use his Messianic power and Spirit to obtain material security for himself and his followers for selfish, materialistic purposes.
What can we learn from this temptation?
Jesus was not seeking to establish a material paradise on earth.
Second temptation.
The devil led Jesus up to a high place (High Mountain) and showed Him in an instant all the Kingdoms of the world. He told Him that he would give Him all their authority and splendor, if He bows and worships Satan. Jesus replied… it is written worship the Lord your God and serve him only. Do not worship other gods (Deut.6: 13-14). Satan wanted Jesus to use Godly power and influence. This was idolatry i.e. worshipping other gods.
What can we learn from this temptation?
Jesus did not come to seek a worldwide political military reign as many Jews expected Him to do.
Third Temptation.
The Devil led Jesus to Jerusalem and had Him stand on the highest point of the temple. He told Jesus to throw Himself down if He was the Son of God for it is written that the Lord will
command angels to guard him (Psalm 91:11 – 12). Jesus replied and said it is written, do not put the Lord your God to the test. Satan wanted Jesus to presume on God’s good care by jumping from the roof of the temple.
What can we learn from this temptation?
Jesus will not force belief in His Messiah ship through aspectacular sign.
Notice that the temptations came after Jesus’ Baptism, where he had solemnly accepted the opening of his public ministry and God confirmed it. Therefore the temptations were a testing of his loyalty to God’s chosen way of life.
Jesus, though without sin was tempted. His followers must expect to be tested in their faith. Christians learn that it is not sinful to be tempted. Since Jesus was tempted, he understands Christian’s difficulties when they are tempted. Jesus is always ready to help Christians to cope with temptations.
Why do you think Christians are tempted?
Through temptations and trials, Christian’s faith in God is strengthened. Christians learn to refer to the Bible for guidance when tempted. Jesus said that it is written… in reference to scripture. Christians should seek the Holy Spirit to give them strength to fight any form of trials and temptations.
Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit went to the wilderness and was tempted by the devil……………” In
temptation, God does provide a way out. Thus followers of Jesus Christ (Christians) should not be seekers of spectacular signs.
LESSON FOUR. REJECTION OF JESUS AT NAZARETH
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the lesson, you should
After the temptation, Jesus went to Galilee, His home district to begin his ministry. As a faithful Israelite, Jesus attended service in the synagogue every Sabbath day. During that time, it was customary for visiting Rabbis (Teachers of the law) to be given the honor of reading from the law or to address the congregation. When Jesus was given this opportunity, He opened the scroll and read from Isaiah 61: 1 – 3 …’The Sovereign Lord has filled me with his spirit. He has chosen me and sent me.’ Luke writes in 4 v 18 “ The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has chosen me to bring good news to the poor”. On completion of the reading, Jesus told them that today this scripture has been fulfilled in their hearing.
From this reading Jesus referred to himself as the Messiah. The people of Nazareth in indignation wanted to kill Jesus by throwing him over a cliff.
Jews of Nazareth rejected Jesus because one, they knew him as theson of Mary and Joseph. They did not know Him as the Son of God. Two, Jesus did not fit into the idea of a political King that the Jews were expecting. They were waiting for a King with an army and horses.
Three, Jesus preaching was seen as being against that of Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees: the religious leaders at that time. Four, Jesus pointed out evils of religious leaders. Five, a leader is never accepted at home especially in a superior or senior position. Six, Jesus did not follow the general rules of the Mosaic Law. These were fasting, healing and working on the Sabbath day. Worse still Jesus associated Himself with Jewish outcasts such as sinners, and the sick.
Discussion question
Answers
(i) He was known by people as son of Mary and Joseph
(ii) He did not fit in the idea of a political king that Jews were expecting
(iii) Often times one is not accepted at home and at a senior position
(iv) He did not follow the general rules of the law of Moses
(v) He associated with sinners, and outcasts
LESSON FIVE. HEALING AT CAPERNAUM
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lesson:
After his rejection in Nazareth and an attempt to throw him down a hill, Jesus went on to Capernaum. Here he cast out demons (Luke 4: 40 – 41). He was teaching people. He performed many miracles of healing. For example:
Which lessons do Christians learn from the healings at Capernaum
There are many lessons. These are that
1) Jesus is the son of God
2) Jesus came to establish the Kingdom of God and destroy the kingdom of Satan.
3) Jesus has power over evil spirits / demons.
4) Jesus came to save human beings from the slavery of sin
5) God cares for his people.
LESSON SIX. THE CALLING OF THE FIRST DISCIPLES Luke 5: 1 – 11
Introduction:
A disciple is a learner, a student or a follower. Learners followed a master so as to learn about religious matters. Disciples were followers of Christ.
Learning Outcomes.
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to describe the call of the first disciples. Rabbis. These were teachers of law. They had special schools where they taught law. In these schools, learning was by memorization and repetition what students heard from the rabbis.
The disciples of Jesus did not memorize. They learnt by observation. They were witnesses – and they spoke what they heard and described or explained what they saw.
Call of the first disciples
Jesus entered into Simon’s ship and started to teach people who were there. Later, He told Simon to “push off a little from the shore”. Jesus sat in the boat and taught the crowd. After speaking, he told Simon, and his partners James and John; “Push the boat out further to the deep water…and let down your nets for a catch of fish”. Simon told Jesus that they had toiled all night, and caught nothing. But if you say so, I will let down the nets. Simon obeyed. They let down the nets and caught a multitude of fish. They called for assistance from other fishermen. When Simon Peter saw this, he told Jesus “Go away from me, Lord! I am a sinful man!” Jesus said to Simon “Don’t be afraid, from now on you will be catching people”. On getting to the shore, Peter and his friends James and John sons of Zebedee forsook all and followed Jesus
Thus the first disciples of Jesus were Simon Peter; James and John.
Lessons from the call of the first disciples
1) God can choose anybody to serve him regardless of his or her social status.
2) God still calls people to serve him in various capacities as evangelists, pastors and others.
3) Those called should repent their sins as Peter did
4) Christians should trust in God – Simon Peter trusted Jesus and cast his nets even though they had caught no fish from the same spot.
5) God can intervene in people’s lives through miracles (miraculous catch of fish)
6) Christians should work together as a team. Fishermen worked together.
7) There is hope for those who follow Jesus. He told them ‘follow me and I will make you fishers of men’ God reveals himself to people in everyday activities as Jesus revealed himself to Simon Peter, and his friends James and John through fishing.
9) Christian’s vocation may require renunciation of family ties and occupations or a change of life.
10) Those called to serve God are expected to be humble
LESSON SEVEN. OPPOSITION IN GALILEE
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the lesson, you should
Jesus ministry consisted of teaching, healing and doing many miracles. Because of this work, Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees, Sadducees and Scribes. These were Jewish religious leaders.
Why did Jewish religious leaders; the Pharisees? Scribes? Sadducees oppose Jesus? There were many reasons for Jewish opposition to Jesus. These were:
1) Jesus was becoming more famous than the religious leaders
2) His claim to forgive sins. This was reserved only for God.
3) His association with tax collectors / publicans and sinners. For example, Jesus ate with Levi.
4) His failure to observe the law of fasting. Jesus disciples did not fast like the disciples of the Pharisees and John the Baptist.
5) Doing what religious leaders regarded as unlawful things on the Sabbath day. For example,
collected more tax than the required amount. Jesus was supposed not to associate with them or support them in any way.
Who were the Pharisees? These were
Referred to as the ‘separated ones’
Religious leaders who expected people to respect and honour them.
Pious leaders and wanted everybody to recognize them.
Rich Jews and looked at their riches as blessings from God.
Called ones and thought of themselves as the ‘righteous’ ones.
Popular to the poor who respected them.
Characteristics of Pharisees
Who were the Scribes?
The word Scribe means ‘a writer. The work of a scribe was to rewrite by hand – new manuscripts of the
Jewish scriptures. The copied the word exactly as it was. The scribes were either Pharisees or Sadducees.
At the time of Jesus, majority of the Scribes were associated with the Pharisees. A scribe was also a ‘Rabbi’ – teacher. Some scribes managed schools called ‘Rabbinical Schools’. In these schools, Jewish male youth learnt the Mosaic Law from the age of 13 years. Scribes were represented in the Jewish religious council called the Sanhedrin. Sanhedrin was the Jewish Court of Justice, which tried those who committed religious sins.
Who were the Sadducees?
Sadducees were the wealthy people. They were an influential group. These were the majority in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish Court of Justice. The poor hated them. They were also members of the Jerusalem priesthood. The chief priests were mainly drawn from the Sadducees. They believed in the divine authority of the Law of Moses and the Pentateuch’s first five Books of the bible. They believed that Moses wrote the first 5 books of the Bible. They regarded all the other books in the Old Testament as not divinely inspired. Hence they rejected them. They rejected and did not believe in
(a) The resurrection of the dead
(b) Last judgment
(c) Coming of the Messiah
(d) Angels and demons and
(e) theoral traditions of the Pharisees.
They were enemies of the Pharisees particularly because of religious matters. However, they joined with the Pharisees and Scribes to oppose Jesus Christ.
LESSON EIGHT. THE SERMON ON THE PLAIN (Luke. 6:12–16, 27– 49)
Review
In the previous section, we learnt that Jesus chose His apostles. He came down the hill and stood on a level place. He gave a sermon to those present. This address is referred to as the sermon on the plain in Luke’s Gospel.
The people had come to hear Jesus’ word to receive healing and for Jesus to exercise unclean spirits from them. In the sermon, Jesus talked of the characteristics of the new community. All those who would listen to His word would be the “New Israel”.
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the lesson, you should be able to
(a) Name the12 disciples
(b) Summarize the teachings of Jesus on true discipleship
Analyse the teachings of Jesus on the plain (sermon on the plain)
Selection of 12 disciples (Luke. 6:12 – 16)
Jesus went into a mountain to pray. In the morning, he called his disciples. From them, he selected 12 disciples, whom he also called apostles. Apostle means one who is sent, a missionary. The 12 disciples were:
(1) Simon Peter
(2) Andrew
(3) James
(4) John
(5) Phillip
(6) Bartholomew
(7) Mathew (Levi)
(8)
Thomas
(9) James son of Alphaeus
(10) Simon who was called the Patriot
(11) Judas son of James and
(12) Judas Iscariot who became the traitor (Luke vs. 14-16)
Jesus teachings’ on true discipleship
Jesus taught that a follower or disciple of Christ should:
(a) Have unshakeable faith
(b) Be obedient to God’s word
(c) Be self-critical/analytical/self-searching
(d) Be kind, loyal, objective, fair, and generous
(e) Accept others without discrimination.
(f) Be a disciple and show concern for others.
The Sermon on the plain (Luke 6: 17 – 49)
The Sermon on the plain is a lecture or lesson that Jesus gave to “ a large number of his disciples and a large crowd of people who had come from Judea, Jerusalem, tyre, and Sidon. They came to listen to the sermon of Jesus and to be healed of diseases, evil sprits. The purpose of the sermon was to teach the crowd the meaning of following Christ. Jesus covered 6 beatitudes or topics in his sermon. These are.
1) Blessings and woes – beatitudes
(2) Love for enemies
(3) Judging others
(4) Giving to the needy
(5) A tree and its fruits
(6) Wise and foolish builders – hearing and doing the words of Jesus.
We shall now discuss each of these beatitudes in detail.
(i) Blessed are the poor for theirs is the Kingdom of God.
(ii) Blessed are the hungry for they shall be filled
(iii) Blessed are those who weep now for they shall laugh
(iv) Blessed are those who men shall hate, reject, reproach for the sake of Christ’s for their great reward is kept in heaven.
(v) Woe to those who are rich, for they have already received their reward.
(vi) Woe to those who are full for they shall go hungry
(vii) Woe to those who laugh now for they shall mourn and weep
(viii) Woe to those whom people speak well, for ancestors said the same about the false prophets.
Those who accept to be followers of Christ are promised blessings while those who reject Christ are to suffer in future.
Love is often defined as a warm feeling / affection towards somebody or something. Jesus taught his followers to love their enemies and do well to those who hate you. Bless those who curse you. Pray for those who mistreat you. Do unto men as you expect them to do unto you. Lend also to your enemies.
Love your enemies and do good to them. Lend and expect nothing back. Be merciful.
From these teachings: true discipleship of Jesus Christ:
(3) Judging others Luke. 6: 37– 42
Jesus taught his followers not to judge others lest they are also judged. They should not condemn others lest they are also condemned. He asked disciples to forgive others and they shall also be forgiven. True discipleship requires acknowledging one’s shortcomings and avoiding criticism of others.
(4) Giving to the needy.
A true disciple should share what they have with the needy. Those who share shall be rewarded. He also said that the blind couldn’t lead the blind. There is a master and a follower. The disciple is not above his master.
(5) A tree and its fruits.
A healthy tree bears good fruits. A poor tree bears poor fruit. Neither does a corrupt tree bring forth good fruits. A tree is known by its fruits. Followers of Christ are evident to others by their actions. They are not hypocritical or fault finding.
(6) Wise and foolish builders.
A wise builder digs a deep foundation on a rock. When floods come, the house is able to stand. A foolish builder builds his house upon the sand. Without a foundation, when floods come, the house falls and is ruined. Wise builders are those who hear the word of God and do what is required. Those who do not adhere to the teachings are the unwise builders. True discipleship entails obedience to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Relevance of the lessons of the Sermon on the Plain to Christian Life
Christians are urged to love even those that hate them. The challenges that followers of Christ encountered in the New Testament are not different from those that Christians experience today.
Christians should forgive others, share with the needy, avoid judging others, and follow the teachings of Christ.
Lesson Revision questions
LESSON NINE. JESUS’ WORKS OF COMPASSION
In this lesson, Jesus’ works of compassion is discussed. These include the works of mercy for those in distress and pity for the suffering. Jesus’ mission lays its foundation in these works of compassion, because He came to establish the kingdom of God by conquering all forms of suffering caused by Satan.
Compassion is a feeling of empathy for other people’s sufferings. It’s being merciful, showing concern and affection for others.
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Centurion is an officer in charge of 100 men. Jesus healed the servant of a Roman soldier and a Gentile. The Centurion showed love and concern for his servant. The centurion sent Jewish elders to Jesus with a request to heal his servant. The leaders said ‘this man deserves to have you do this, because he loves our nation and has built our synagogue’ (Luke 7:5). Jesus agreed and went with the elders. But before Jesus reached the centurion’s house, the centurion sent his friends to stop him from coming to his house. He said that he was not worthy to have Jesus under his roof. He said that he was a man of authority. Hence Jesus could give an order and the servant would be healed. On hearing this, Jesus declared to the crowd ‘I tell you, I have not found such great faith even in Israel’. When the men returned, they found the servant well.
Lessons Christians can learn from the healing of the centurion servant.
A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. The widow was of the city of Nain. When Jesus neared the gates of the city, he saw the funeral procession of the widow’s son, the only son of his mother. Jesus had compassion on the widow and told her ‘ weepnot’. Jesus then touched the casket and said ‘young man I say unto you, arise’. The dead sat up and began to speak. All the people were filled with fear and glorified God, saying God has visited his people.
Lessons Christians learn from the raising of the widow’s son
1) Jesus has power over death
2) Jesus empathizes with the suffering
3) Acts of love should not be hindered by traditions – Jesus touched the casket even though Jewish traditions forbid it.
4) The Widow of Nain was a gentile. This is a sign that salvation was universal.
5) The crowd acknowledged Jesus’ lordship; Christians should acknowledge the lordship of Jesus.
What are the practices pertaining to the disposal of the dead in your culture? and community?
iii) Assurance to John the Baptist (Luke 7:20 – 30).
A question arose whether Jesus Christ was the Messiah. John the Baptist wanted to assure his disciples that Christ; was the expected messiah: and not him (John the Baptist). He sent his disciples to Jesus to ask “if you are the one he said was going to come, or if we should expect someone else?” (Vs. 20). Jesus told the disciples of John to go back and tell John of the miracles works they saw and heard. Jesus then gave a testimony of John the Baptist as a prophet, whose life and missions is beyond that of ordinary prophets. Jesus testified that John the Baptist; was the forerunner or messenger of Jesus Christ: as the prophets in the Old Testament had written. The Pharisees and the publicans (teaches of the law) however rejected the testimony about John the Baptist. They had refused to be baptized by John. Those baptized by John the Baptist, the tax collectors acknowledged the testimony of Jesus. Jesus rebuked the Pharisees and teachers of law for their hypocrisy.
In what ways were the Pharisees and teaches of law hypocritical?
Jesus was invited by one of the Pharisees called Simon to his house to dine with him. In that city, there was a sinful woman. She went to the house of Simon when she learnt that Jesus was in the Pharisees house. She brought with her an alabaster jar full of perfume. She stood behind Jesus. She was weeping and washing his feet with her fears. She then wiped the tears from the feet of Jesus with her hair, kissed his feet, and anointed them with oil (an alabaster box of ointment). When Simon, the host saw this he said within himself, ‘if this man was a prophet, he would know who this woman is who is touching him” a sinful woman. Jesus told Simon a parable of a man who forgave two people that owed him money one 500, the other 50. Jesus asked which of the two debtors would love him most. Simon said the one that was forgiven much, Jesus then told Simon that when he came to his house, Simon did not give him water for his feet; neither did he welcome Jesus with a kiss; nor provide him with olive oil. But the woman washed his feet with her tears, and wiped them with her hair. She also kissed his feet. Jesus told the people that her sins, being many are forgiven for she loved much. Jesus turned to the woman and told her ‘thy sins are forgiven’. ‘Thy faith has saved thee, go in peace’. The people who were eating with
Jesus murmured. Who was Jesus? He forgives sins.
Lessons from the forgiveness of the sinful woman
Summary.
Jesus is accepted women to be his followers unlike the Jewish customs which viewed women as lesser than men. Other women that played a key role in the ministry of Jesus include Mary Magdalene, Joann Joanna and Susanna among many others.
Lesson Revision questions
Answers
Women play many roles in the church ministry. Some of these are:
(i) Carrying out duties of pastors, bishops, and deacons
(ii) Management. Some are heads of the women groups
(iii) Leading in church service
(iv) Participating as church ushers, choir singers, and youth leaders
(v) Attending church. Women are part of the congregations
LESSON TEN. JESUS TEACHING IN PARABLES (LK. 8: 4- 21)
Introduction
Jesus used parables to teach. A parable is a Greek word. It means comparing or ‘putting side by side’ in order to understand. A parable is defined as a short story or description, which teaches something or answers some questions. It is an allegory – an earthly story with a hidden or heavenly meaning.
Jesus used parables in his teachings in order to explain unfamiliar messages in a language that his hearers could understand. Other reasons were because Jesus wanted to:
1) Provoke critical thinking
2) Make the audience understand issues from a different point of view
3) Explain the nature of the kingdom of God by giving real life examples.
4) Explain the nature of God. The parables brought out the attributes of an invisible God. For example, the parable of the prodigal son who had been lost.
5) Attract the attention of his audiences so that they could listen and understand.
6) Make people understand how they should relate to one another. Read the parable of the good
Samaritan
7) Teach God’s love to mankind. The parable of the lost sheep, lost coin.
Separate / identify those who were sincere in seeking the kingdom of God from the onlookers.
9) Challenge the imagination of his hearers since entry to God’s kingdom was a personal decision.
10) Make an indirect attack on his opponents like the Pharisees, the scribes and the Sadducees.
11) Teach his disciples that they should be persistent and never be discouraged.
12) Make his teachings interesting and easy to understand.
Jesus told this parable to the crowd that followed him. He said that a farmer went out to sow corn. He scattered seeds in the field. As he did so, some of them fell on the path, and they were trampled on and eaten by birds. Other seeds fell on the rock ground. When they germinated, they withered because they lacked moisture. Some seed fell among thorns bushes. They grew with bushes, which choked them as they grew. Some other seeds fell on fertile soil. They grew up in fertile soil and their yield was100 seed for each seed sown.
Meaning or interpretation of the parable
Jesus gave the meaning of the parable to his disciples. He said that the seed is the word of God.
We learn that:
One should not despair and
It’s important to receive the word of God, practice it and persevere so as to bear fruits.
Jesus taught that no one lights a lamp, then covers it with a bowl or hide it under a bed. When one lights a lamp, they put it on the lamp stand so as to illuminate a room and for people to see the light. For whatever is hidden or covered up shall be revealed. In this parable Jesus is the light. The disciples had a duty to pass on to others messages they had learnt from Jesus. They should not keep messages to themselves.
Interpretation.
From this parable of a lamp under a bowl, we learn that:
i A Christian has a duty to share the knowledge of God with others
ii One cannot be a Christian if this knowledge is hidden
iii Those who do not share may loose their beliefs.
The mother of Jesus and brothers came to see him. Someone told Jesus that they were there. He told the crowd. “My mother and brothers are those who hear the word of God and obey “. Accepters and believers are the members of the family of Jesus.
Lesson Revision Questions
LESSON ELEVEN: MIGHTY WORKS OF JESUS
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson
Jesus continued to do miracles; and teach. His work is referred to as the mighty works of Jesus in various books. Miracles can be defined as acts of power whose purpose is to establish the kingdom of God.
Miracles can also mean extraordinary events that go against the laws of nature.
Jesus performed four types of miracles. These were:
1) Nature miracles – miracles that dealt with nature e.g. calming of the storm
2) Raising of the dead e.g. Jairus daughter
3) Healing miracles – healing Simon’s mother in law of fever, healing of the woman with the flow of blood.
4) Exorcism miracles – casting out of evil spirits e.g. the Gerasene demonic
One day, Jesus entered a boat with his disciples to go across Lake Galilee. As they sailed Jesus was asleep in the ship. Suddenly, there was a strong wind and the boat began to sink. The disciples woke him up saying, “ Master, we are about to die”. Jesus woke up and gave an order to the winds and the raging waters. They obeyed and there was calm. He then said to his disciples ‘where is your faith?’ Disciples were afraid and amazed and wondered, “Who is this man?” Winds and waves obey him.
This miracle teaches Christians to have faith and to depend on Jesus when they face raging temptations and persecutions. Jesus has power over nature.
Jesus and his disciples sailed to Gerasa town across Lake Galilee. On arrival a man who had demons in him for a long time met Jesus. He lived naked in tombs, and wilderness. On seeing Jesus, he cried out, threw himself down at the feet of Jesus and shouted; “Jesus son of the Most High God! What do you want with me?” ” I beseech thee, torment me not’. Jesus had ordered the demons to go out of him.
Jesus asked him “what is your name?” He replied Legion or Mob. This was because the man had been possessed by many demons. The demons begged Jesus not to send them into the deep but to let themgo into some pigs (swine) that were feeding by. Jesus allowed them and the devils went out of the man,into the pigs. The herd ran down the cliff into the lake and drowned. The herders run to the city and spread the news. The multitude found the man sitting at the feet of Jesus clothed, and in his right mind.
The multitude asked Jesus to leave their country region. The healed man wanted to follow Jesus but Jesus declined and told him to go and tell others of the great things that God had done for him. The man went to town and told all “what Jesus had done for him”.
This miracle teaches Christians that:
SAQ.
What were the causes of mental illness and spirit possession in traditional African society and in
modern society?
iii) Jairus daughter is raised. Lk.8: 40 – 42, 49 – 56
Jairus was an official in the local synagogue. He begged Jesus to come to his house and heal his only daughter who was 12 was dying.
When Jesus was on route to Jairus house, great crowds followed him and pressed him on either side. Amongst them was a woman who had suffered from severe bleeding for 12 years. She consulted doctors and spent all her savings on physicians. But she was not cured. The society considered the woman unclean. It blamed her for her illness. She herself was embarrassed by her condition. This woman walked behind Jesus and she touched the hem of the garment of Jesus. Her bleeding stopped at once. Jesus asked, who touched me? Everyone denied it. Peter replied the multitude was around Jesus and it was difficult to know who had touched him. Jesus persisted someone touched him. The woman who had touched Jesus the woman came forward, and fell at his feet and confessed to all her sickness and explained why she touched Jesus and how she was healed at once. Jesus said to her “My daughter, your faith has made you well. Go in peace”.
Jairus daughter is raised. Lk.8: 40 – 42, 49 – 56
As Jesus was talking to her, Jairus was told that his little girl was dead. “Don’t bother the teacher anymore. Jesus told Jairus not to fear but to believe and she will be well. When he got to the house he went into the room with Peter, John and James and the parents of the girl. People around were weeping and wailing. But Jesus told them not to weep. She is not dead but asleep. They scorned and laughed at him for saying that she is asleep because they knew she was dead. Jesus took the girl by hand and calledout “Get up, my child” – ‘little girl arise’. She immediately got up and Jesus ordered the parent to give her food. He commanded them not to tell what had happened.
Teachings from these two miracles
The miracle of raising Jairus daughter teaches Christians that Jesus is compassionate and the author of life. He has power over death, resurrection and life.
In the miracle of healing the Woman with the flow of blood:
Jesus made her healing public so that the community can receive her back and shall not isolate her again.
From this miracle of healing this woman, Christians learn that one; Jesus is the healer. He has power over all sicknesses even those without cure. Two, Christians should have faith in Jesus Christ.
Lesson Revision Questions
Answers.
A comparison of the raising of Jairus daughter and the healing of the woman with flow of blood
(i) Jairus daughter was 12 years old and the woman sick with the flow of blood had suffered for 12 years.
(ii) Jesus referred to both of them as daughter
(iii) Their situation – death and flow of blood did not have a cure
(iv) The public witnessed the miracle of the woman with the flow of blood.
(v) Jesus commanded Jairus to keep secret raising of his daughter
LESSON TWELVE. COMMISSIONING OF THE TWELVE DISCIPLES
Lk 9:1 – 10
Introduction.
Commission means to officially ask someone to do something.
Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a Describe the commissioning of the twelve disciples.
b Explain the story of the feeding of the 5000
c Describe the transfiguration of Jesus
d Explain the teachings of Jesus on faith and humility.
The twelve disciples or followers accompanied Jesus wherever he went. They were regarded as apostles. An apostle comes from a Greek word ‘Apostols’ which means ‘send out’ one who is sent or a ‘missionary’. The commissioning of the 12 disciples meant that they were given four main duties, power and authority to:
iii) Depend entirely on God to take care of them
With these instructions, the disciples left and travelled to all villages preaching the Good News and healing people everywhere. King Herod was perplexed by the work of the disciples and he desired to see Jesus.
After reading these verses, about feeding of the five thousand (5000) people we learn that
The personality of Jesus and his identity Lk. 9:18 – 27
When Jesus was alone with his disciples, he asked them who people say he is. The disciples told him that some say he is John the Baptist, others say he is Elijah and others say he is one of the old prophets who have risen again. Jesus asked them who they, disciples say he is. Peter replied that he is Christ of God.
Jesus then told them not to tell people who he is for he Son of man has first to suffer many things be rejected by the elders chief, priests and scribes, be killed and be raised the third day. Jesus announced to the disciples of his passion (great sufferings) Jesus is the Christ (anointed) of God – Messiah as well as the son of man. A divine nature and a human nature. Jesus went on ahead to tell his disciples that theyshould deny themselves (self – denial) take up their cross daily and be ready to lose their lives for Jesus. However, great is the reward for the faithful.
LESSON THRTEEN: THE TRANSFIGURATION (LK.9: 28 – 36)
Read. Luke chapter 9, verse 28 to 36. hen answer revision questions that follow.
A brief summary from the Bible
Transfiguration is change or transformation of form or appearance. Jesus was transformed in appearance when he took Peter, John and James to the mountain to pray. During the transfiguration, Moses and Elijah came down from heaven to talk with Jesus about his coming death in Jerusalem. Moses, Elijah and Jesus were in heavenly glory and glorious splendor. Peter, John and James were asleep. When they woke up, they saw Jesus’ glory. They also saw Elijah and Moses with Jesus. Peter suggested to Jesus that they build three tents for Jesus, Elijah and Moses. As he spoke a cloudovershadowed them. A voice from the cloud said ‘this is my son, whom I have chosen——– listen to him”. The cloud left and the disciples found themselves with Jesus. They kept what they saw and heard to themselves.
Significance and importance of transfiguration
Jesus was not against the Law of Moses.
prophecies. He is above the prophets.
not the end of life (Moses and Elijah appeared to confirm this)
5.0 Revision questions
TOPIC FOUR: THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM – LUKE ch. 9-18
Introduction
As Jesus travelled to Jerusalem, He prepared His disciples for the life they were to lead after He leavesthem.
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the topic, you should be able to
a Identify duties and privileges and cost of a disciple.
b Describe the teachings of Jesus on prayer, hypocrisy, wealth and watchfulness’.
c Describe parables Jesus used to teach about prayer, hypocrisy, wealth and watchfulness.
LESSON ONE. DUTIES, PRIVILEGES AND COST OF DISCIPLESHIP
Lesson Outcomes. When you read this lesson, you should:
Jesus’ teaching on faith and humility
A brief summary from the Bible. Read (Luke 9: 37 – 50) for details. After the transfiguration, Jesus usedtwo incidents to teach his disciples about faith and humility. One incident was the healing of a boypossessed by an evil spirit (Luke 9: 37 –43). Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit out of the boy and the boywas healed. Jesus told His disciples that their lack of faith was the reason why they did not cure the boy.
Jesus informed his disciples that faith in him was important when carrying out his work.
Jesus’ teaching on His Work
The next question was ….. who is to work for Jesus? All Christians can work for Jesus even believers whoare gentiles. Read (Luke 9 vs. 49 – 50). Jesus told his disciples not to forbid others from carrying out hiswork for whoever is not against Him is for Him. This means that whoever had faith; even the Gentilescould carry out Jesus work.
Jesus’ teaching on His followers
Jesus was determined to go to Jerusalem. As He travelled, men volunteered to follow him wherever hewas going. Jesus replied that foxes have holes, birds of the air have nests but the Son of Man hasnowhere to lay his head. Jesus had no earthly home. His mission on earth was only for a time. A manrequested to follow Jesus but asked permission to bury his father. Jesus told him to let the dead burytheir dead. Disciples of Jesus have to leave their families in order to do His Work.
Mission of the 72 men. Read Luke 10:1 – 24
On the way to Jerusalem, Jesus sent out 72 disciples on a mission to promote the Gospel of the Kingdomof God through preaching and service. The 72 disciples were sent in 2s in order to encourage or helpeach other. The 72 were given instructions. Jesus told them that He has given them power over demons,serpents, scorpion. They have power over all the powers of Satan. When disciples returned, theyreported that demons obeyed them. In Luke 10 verse 20, Jesus asked the 72 to rejoice not becausedemons flee but because their names are written in heaven. Out of the many followers, Jesus chose 12apostles who learnt from Jesus and became His witnesses.
Jesus’ teaching on the greatest disciple
Read (Luke 9: 46- 48). The disciples asked themselves– who is the greatest amongst disciples amongstthe 12 disciples? In response Jesus took a child by His side and said to the disciples. Whoever welcomesthis child in my name, welcomes me, as well as the one who sent me. For the one who is least amongstyou shall be the greatest in Heaven. Lessons from this example. Jesus explained that His disciplesneeded values of humility and simplicity. These virtues were needed to carry out the work ofdiscipleship.
Teaching about Discipleship
How are these teachings relevant to modern church leaders and members?
Modern church leaders have a duty to continue preaching God’s word to all people. They should serveGod in several ministries such as visiting the sick, caring for orphans, the destitute, widows, widowers,and the aged. They should also be ready to suffer and even face rejection for the sake of the Christ.
Exercise
LESSON TWO: A COMMITTED FOLLOWER OF CHRIST
Read Luke 10: 25-37, and Luke 11: 1-13
A teacher of law asked Jesus questions in order to tempt him. One was “ what must I do to receiveeternal life? (Read Luke 10: 25 to 28). Jesus replied with a question. What do the scriptures say? Hereplied and Jesus told him to do as the scripture say. . He asked another question. Who is my neighbour?(Luke 10 v 29). Jesus answered with the parable of the Good Samaritan. In this parable, the righteouspeople among the Jews, Levites and priests, did not help the injured man. A Samaritan whom Jewsconsidered unclean and sinners helped him. After narrating this parable Jesus asked the lawyer, who ofthe 3 travelers was a good neighbour? The lawyer said the Samaritan.
Lessons learnt from the parable of the Good Samaritan
In the above parable, Jesus stressed that a follower of Jesus should be:
(1) Committed
(2) Show love of God by loving people in need and their neighbours. A neighbour is anybody whorequires assistance or help regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, colour or gender. Jesus wants hisfollowers to show love and concern to all people regardless of their background. A neighbour useshis/her resources selflessly to help the needy. A neighbour is also compassionate, kind, and generous tothe needy.
Jesus Visit to Martha and Mary (Read Luke 10: 38 – 42)
Martha welcomed Jesus in her home where she lived with her sister Mary. While Martha prepared food,Mary sat at Jesus’ feet listening to his teaching. Martha complained. She was doing all the work whileMary sat listening to Jesus teaching. Jesus told Martha that Mary had made the right choice to listen toHis teaching.
Lessons we can learn from Jesus Visit to Martha and Mary
Revision exercise
LESSON THREE. JESUS’ TEACHING ON PRAYER (Read Luke 11:1 – 13)
Prayer is communication with God. It is talking with God. People pray to God all the time. For example,people pray to God when:
There are many forms or types of prayers. These are:
Jesus prayed often during his life’s Ministry. The disciples asked him to show them how to pray. Jesusresponded by teaching them the Lords Prayer.
“Our Father who art in Heaven
Hallowed be thy name
Thy Kingdom come
Thy will be done on earth as
It is in heaven
Give us this day our daily bread
Forgive us our trespasses
As we forgive those who trespass against us
Lead us not into temptation
But deliver us from evil”
In conclusion, if prayers are to be effective, one must have faith and be persistent. Believe that God shallanswer prayers. A committed follower of Jesus should pray at all times. In prayer, one shouldacknowledge that God is the Father and that all prayers should be addressed to him. Two, one shouldhave faith that God answers prayers. Therefore we should be persistent in prayer.
Reasons why Christians should pray
To honor God
To request for favors
To offer thanksgiving
To confess their sins and seek for forgiveness of sins
To seek God’s protection
To intercede on behalf of others
To strengthen their relationship with God
Revision exercise
LESSON FOUR: USE OF GOD’S POWER TO OVERCOME EVIL. Read Luke 11:14 – 28
Learning outcomes. By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Jesus drove out a mute demon. The possessed man began to talk. The crowd said that Jesus was castingout demons using the power of Beelzebub (the price of demons). Beelzebul was an evil spirit. However
Jesus replied “Any country that divides itself into groups which fight each other will not last very long,and a family divided against itself will fall. Jesus said it is by the power of God that drives out demons.
Lessons learnt
iii. The destruction of Satan’s power meant that the Kingdom of God was in Israel and it was powerful.God’s power destroyed Satan’s kingdom. It is impossible to be neutral in the battle between Christ andSatan. One has to belong to either Christ or Satan.
What makes people to be insane? Mentally sick
After Jesus drove out the dumb spirit, Jews demanded performance of greater miracles. They wantedJesus to prove that he was their expected messiah. Jesus said that Jonah was a great miracle. But Jesuswas greater miracle than that of Jonah, and King Solomon. King Solomon was full of wisdom. He was sogreat that Queen of Sheba came to listen to his wisdom. Jesus like Jonah had brought a message ofjudgment. Jesus is greater than Jonah or Solomon. If Jews refuse to receive and listen to Jesus, theGentiles like Queen of Sheba, will bear testimony against the Jews and receive God’s salvation.
Jesus taught that no one lights a lamp and hides it under a bowl. A lamp is placed where all can see itslight. He said that the human eye is the lamp or the light of the body. Jesus asked the listeners to makesure that “the light in you is not darkness” (vs. 35).
What is the main message in this story?
LESSON FIVE: JESUS TEACHING ON HYPOCRISY, WEALTH, WATCHFULNESS AND READINESS
Introduction
Hypocrisy is being dishonest and insincere or pretending to someone else or people. What did Jesusteach about hypocrisy?
Learning outcomes. After reading these verses in Luke:
A Pharisee invited Jesus to his house for a meal. When Jesus did not wash before eating the meal, thePharisee was surprised. Jesus told him “..you Pharisees clean the outside of your cup and plate, butinside you are full violence and evil”, greed and wickedness (vs. 39). Jesus condemned the Pharisees fortheir hypocrisy. They were concerned with outward appearances and traditions such as ceremonialwashing of cups, hands, and dishes but not the souls of people. They loved the outward show and publicrecognition. Pharisees tithed, “but neglected justice and love of God” (vs. 42). They imposed rules andregulations for people to follow, yet they themselves did not practice what they preached. They refusedto confess their sins but pointed out sins in others. They hinder others from entering the kingdom ofGod. They had failed to make people understand the true interpretation of the law. They were likeunmarked graves – dead to people yet the people trusted them. After this teaching, the Pharisees andthe teachers of the law began to oppose Jesus fiercely.
What do we learn from Jesus teachings? Followers of Jesus should be
(2) obey God’s commands;
(3), live to please God but not other people;
(4) confess publicly their loyalty to God and
(5) love God without fear and (6) be dependent on the Holy
Spirit
Someone wanted justice. His brother had refused to share with him his father’s wealth. He wanted Jesusto order his brother to divide their father’s inheritance between him. In response, Jesus answered himwith the parable of the rich fool.
A rich man expected a good harvest of his crops. He thought he did not have storage for the crop heexpected to harvest. The man said to himself. i will demolish my granaries and stores, then build biggerones to store all my corn, and other goods. He expected to have enough food to last him a lifetime. Thenhe can enjoy his wealth; eating, drinking and making merry. But God told him that his life would bedemanded from him that same night. What will happen to his wealth, as he was not rich in God’s sight?
Lessons to learn
i Followers of Jesus should not put their trust in material wealth but in God
ii Life consists of food, other material wealth and trust in God
iii Whoever seeks God’s kingdom, will receive material blessings from God
iv Jesus did not condemn material possessions but rather the attitude towards material possessions.
v Jesus condemned attachment to material wealth instead of trust in God who controls our lives.
Jesus told his disciples to be:
i Watchful and ready for the return of the Son of Man i.e. Jesus.
ii Faithful servants so that when Jesus returns, he will find them ready and acting responsibly
iii Watchful of possible divisions in families
iv Royal to Christ
v Ready for the coming of the Son of Man. He will come at unexpected time; like a thief who comeswhen the owner of the house is not aware.
vi Observing things of the kingdom of God, which were present in the person of Jesus.
vii Like good servants, and watch over the affairs of the master.
viii Be decision makers and follow the teachings of Jesus without being watched.
Review questions
LESSON SIX: THE KINGDOM OF GOD
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this topic, you should be able to
The Kingdom of God
Kingdom of God refers to rule of God, or God’s authority on people’s lives and the world He created. Thekingdom of God was present in Jesus. It is now and in the future reality. The teachings, and miracles ofJesus were a manifestation of the Kingdom of God. For anyone to enter God’s kingdom, one has torepent and ask for forgiveness. The Kingdom of God continues to grow and spread through the work ofthe Church. Those who accept the teachings of Jesus Christ about God’s Kingdom are members of theKingdom of God. Now to enter the Kingdom of God, one has to repent and not judge others.Read Luke 13:1-5. Luke has explained the kingdom of God and outlined who will enter it.
The Kingdom of God has unfruitful fig tree (Read Luke, 13: 6 – 9).
A farmer had a fig tree that wasunproductive for 3 years. He ordered the gardener to cut it down. The gardener requested for the figtree to be given another chance. He promised to dig around the fig tree and add fertilizer. If it bearsfruits well, it can survive, if it doesn’t bear fruit, then it should be cut down.
Lessons learnt from the parable
The unproductive fig tree represents followers of Jesus who are unproductive because they do notfollow the teachings of Jesus Christ. God gives people chances to repent just like the fig tree was given asecond chance to bear fruit. Jesus is the gardener who pleads for people before God. The followers ofJesus are expected to be fruitful.
What are the figs used for?
Jesus likened the kingdom of God to a mustard seed, which is very small. When a mustard seed isplanted, it grows fast to become a big tree. It is difficult to control its growth. When mature, the fig treeattracts many birds, which feed on its seeds.
Lesson learnt from the parable.
The Kingdom of God
Begins as a small seed and grows quietly and humbly
Then it grows and spreads to all corners of the earth
And It attracts many people
The Kingdom of God is like yeast. Yeast makes dough rise and the bread big. The Kingdom of God growssecretly and slowly just like the dough rises without being noticed. It is only God who knows how akingdom grows. The Kingdom of God grows as a small unit that eventually grows, spreads and reachesout to many people in many nations.
As Jesus was teaching in towns and villages, a person asked him whether a few people would be saved.Jesus replied that his followers should make every effort to go through the narrow door as it leads to theKingdom of God. The narrow door will not remain open forever.
Lesson learnt from the parable
Those who wish to follow Jesus must repent immediately
Entrance to God’s Kingdom is through repentance
Everybody is invited to enter into the Kingdom of God.
Jesus was teaching in the synagogue on Sabbath. Jesus healed a woman who had an evil spirit, whichhad bent her back (Hunch back) for 18 years. Jesus saw her and told her “woman, you are free from yourillness!” She was made straight and immediately glorified God. The official of the synagogue wasannoyed that Jesus was healing on a Sabbath. He and others were hostile to Jesus for healing/workingon the Sabbath. Jesus told him, you hypocrite. You feed and look after your animals on the Sabbath day.Jesus emphasized that human life is more important than animal life or even observing the Sabbath.
Lessons learnt from the parable
Jesus came to set people free from the bondage of sickness and Satan. Jesus work of liberation iscontinuous. It has to be performed even on a Sabbath day because human life is more important thananimal life or even observing the Sabbath.
As Jesus continued with his teachings, he reached Jerusalem. Pharisees informed him that Herodwanted to kill him. His response was ‘go and tell that fox ” I will continue healing the sick and casting outdemons. Jesus however, lamented over Jerusalem for rejecting God’s messengers. God would abandonJerusalem for rejecting Jesus. Jerusalem was the site of Jesus death. It would eventually acknowledgeJesus as the Messiah who brings salvation to Israel and to the rest of the world.
Jesus was invited to the house of the leading Pharisees for a meal on a Sabbath. A man with dropsy(swollen legs and arms) came to Jesus for healing. The Pharisees watched Jesus closely to see what hewould do. Jesus asked the Pharisees “ does our Law allow healing on the Sabbath or not?” They keptquiet. Jesus healed the man who then left. Jesus asked the Pharisees, would they save their son or an oxif it fell in a well on a Sabbath. They kept quiet.
Jesus was in the house of a leading Pharisees and observed that some of the invited guests werechoosing the best places to sit at the table. He taught the disciples how to be humble. He said, wheninvited for a meal; let the owner give you a seat of honor that is reserved for important and honorableguests. Read verse 11.
Jesus advised his host to invite the poor, cripples, and the blind who cannot invite you, as they havenothing to give back for generosity.
Lessons learnt from the parable
Jesus is teaching about humility and hospitality. Those who are humble shall be elevated. Those whoelevate themselves shall be humbled. Followers of Jesus should extend invitations to the poor and theunderprivileged in the society. The Kingdom of God belongs to the humble people.
A man said to Jesus, “How happy are those who will sit down at the feast in the Kingdom of God” (verse15). In response Jesus told him that a man made a great feast and invited many friends and colleaguesto the feast. The invited guests failed to come and a servant was sent to inform them that the feast wasready. All the invited guests gave personal excuses explaining why they could not come.The master was angry and asked the servant to invite the poor, crippled, lame, the blind and anyonewilling to come to the feast.
Lessons learnt from the parable
God has invited all people to the great feast of the Kingdom of God. Those who honor his invitation willbe blessed. Those who reject the invitation will be excluded from the feast. Jesus explained that theKingdom of God is like a great feast open to all Jews and Gentiles.
To enter the Kingdom of God, one has to make a personal decision because following Jesus meanssacrificing activities that we consider important to us.
Read Luke 14: 25 – 33
True discipleship means loving Jesus more than ones family. This is a great sacrifice to detach oneselffrom the family. A disciple must be ready to suffer for the sake of following Jesus. Following Jesusrequires skills of careful thinking, planning and detailed preparations. Jesus compared true discipleshipto the planning required when building a tower or engaging in a military operation.
Lessons / teachings learnt from the parable
True discipleship means making great sacrifices, “none of you can be my disciple unless you give upeverything you have” (verse 33). Jesus disciples are expected to do careful planning before deciding tofollow him because they are required to love God more than anyone else even their relatives andfriends.
Read Luke, 15:1 – 7
Pharisees and teachers of law complained to Jesus because Jesus was teaching ordinary people such astax collectors, and outcasts considered sinners by them.
Jesus told the Pharisees and teachers of law the parable of the lost sheep. He told them that if ashepherd with 100 sheep lost one of them, what action would he take? Wouldn’t he leave the 99 sheepand go out to look for the lost sheep? And on finding it, wouldn’t the shepherd celebrate with friendsand neighbours? Jesus said that God celebrates if “over one sinner who repents than over 99respectable people who do not need to repent.”
Lessons / teachings learnt from the parable
iii God is a shepherd and takes care of all his people.
iv He does not want any of his people to be lost.
v God searches for those lost in sin until he finds them.
vi When one sinner repents, God is overjoyed and rejoices.
vii God is the good shepherd who has come to seek and save the lost.
Read Luke, 15: 8 – 10
If a woman losses one of her ten silver coins, she searches until she finds it. And if it is found, she invitesher friends and neighbours to celebrate.
Lessons learnt from the parable
God and the angels in heaven search make every effort to seek the lost sinner until they find them. Jesuslights the world, looking for sinners who are lost because they are precious in God’s sight.
Read Luke 15:11 – 32
Jesus then told the story of a father who had two sons. The younger was given his share of inheritancehe had requested. He went to foreign lands and wasted his inheritance. He became poor and decided toreturn home and ask his father to forgive him and employ him as a servant.
His father kissed him and celebrated his return. The father announced to his guests that the son whowas lost is now found. – – The one who was dead is now live.
The elder son was angry and unhappy because his father had never held a celebration for him, in spite ofhis hard work and obedience.
His father told him “my son you are always here with me, and everything I have is yours”. We are justcelebrating the return of the lost son.
Lessons learnt from the parable
A GREAT FEAST FOR ALL WHO ARE PREPARED Luke 14: 1 – 35
SAQ. What are the qualities of those who belong to the kingdom of God?
Answer. Qualities of people who belong to the Kingdom of God
Those who belong to the Kingdom of God:
iii Show God’s love to others
iv Are ready to make sacrifices so as to be followers of Jesus
v Read God’s word and preach to others
vi Confess their sins and seek forgiveness of their sins through repentance.
Review questions
Answer
LESSON SEVEN: TEACHINGS ON WEALTH AND POVERTY. LK 16:1 – 32
Learning Outcomes. By the end of the topic, you should be able to:
Introduction
While wealth is possession of material things such as money or occupation of a high social economicstatus, poverty is the opposite. It is lack of basic needs such as water, education, food, shelter, clothing,and health.
When teaching about wealth, Jesus taught using two parables. These were: (1) parable of the shrewdmanager (2) parable of the rich man and Lazarus
Parable of the shrewd manager
Read Luke, 16: 1 – 18
When the shrewd manager realized that his master was going to sack him due to his dishonesty, heasked the debtors to change the amounts they owed their master to smaller amounts. He did this tomake friends with a few people who would give him a place to stay after he was sacked. The masterpraised the shrewd manager and did not sack him. The shrewd manager is praised not because of hisdishonesty but because he acted promptly and with great presence of mind in a moment of crisis.
Jesus is encouraging his disciples and followers to make prompt (quick, appropriate, timely) decisions.
They should use wealth to serve God. It should not be allowed to take the place of God. Followers ofJesus should be honest in small and big things.
The Rich Man and Lazarus. Read Luke, 16: 19 – 31.
A rich man lived in luxury. At his gates was a poor man, called Lazarus whose body was covered by sores.The rich man did not feed Lazarus. He ate food remains together with the rich man’s dogs.
When rich man died, he went to hell. When Lazarus died, he went to heaven and sat at Abraham/sbosom. When in hell, the rich man was tormented while Lazarus was at peace.
Lessons to learn from this parable.
The rich isn’t condemned for being rich but because of his altitude towards Lazarus. He used his wealthfor self-gratification and not for service to the needy. The wealthy should realize that it is God who giveswealth and he should be given honor. Riches can hinder the wealthy from inheriting eternal life,especially if they put their trust in riches instead of God who is the source of all wealth and blessings.
Revision exercise
LESSON EIGHT. JESUS TEACHING ON FORGIVENESS
Read Luke 17: 1 – 4
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you shall explain the power of Christian faith. Sin. Read Luke 17: 1-4.
Jesus taught his disciples to forgive offenders who repent. Those who sin should seek forgiveness. If theyoffend 7 times in a day, forgive them 7 times. Followers of Jesus need faith to forgive others.
The power of faith. Read Luke, 17: 5 – 11.
Faith is defined as complete trust or confidence in God. It is absolute truthfulness and trust in everything that comes from God. The apostles asked Jesus to increase their faith. Followers of Jesus should have faith. Faith has no measure. Faith as big as a mustard seed can empower Christians to perform miracles that serve God. Faith is necessary. With faith, Christians can forgive others and be servants of God.
Disciples should have faith. Christians understand that they owe everything to God.
Jesus heals ten lepers. Read Luke, 17:11- 19
Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem when he met ten lepers. They requested Jesus to heal them.
Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests. On the way, they were healed. One of them, a Samaritan, returned to thank Jesus for healing him. The Samaritans and the Jews did not associate. Jesus told the Samaritan that his faith has made him whole. Faith is necessary for healing any disease.
Leprosy is a disease that leads to loss of fingers, toes and other parts of the body. It was a dreadful skin disease, which Jews feared. Lepers were isolated from other people. They lived dejected lives
The coming of the kingdom. Read Luke 17: 20 – 37
The Pharisee demanded to know when the kingdom of God would come. Jesus replied that the kingdom of God was within those who had accepted Jesus and his teachings. Those who wanted had received the kingdom. Faith is necessary to discover the power of God’s kingdom.
The coming of the son of man, i.e. Jesus will bring the kingdom to reality.
The coming of the son of man is also referred to as the day of the Lord, Day of Judgment. Read Luke, 21: 27- 28. Those who obey Jesus will be saved but those who reject him will be punished.
Lessons to learn. God expects Christians to have faith in him. Christians should have faith in Jesus so that they can inherit eternal life. Faith is needed to strengthen Christians. Faith is important in the life of a Christian until Jesus returns, i.e. the second coming.
Revision exercise
LESSON NINE. PERSISTENCE IN PRAYER, Read Luke, 18:1 – 14
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson, discuss the values of persistence in prayer
To teach about persistence in prayer, Jesus used two parables. These were the parables of: the widow and a corrupt judge and examples of prayer by a Pharisee and a tax collector.
Jesus had already taught the disciples how to pray. He now tells them that they ought to pray and not faint. He gives a parable to explain his point.
A widow went to a corrupt judge to have her adversaries judged. The judge was corrupt and ignored her. He however gave in to her demands since she was persistent and wearing him down. The judge helped her because of her persistence and courage.
Lessons learnt from the parable
Followers of Jesus should pray with courage and be persistent in prayer. God hears and answers prayers. Christians should pray without ceasing and with faith and trust that their prayers will be answered.
A Pharisee and tax collector went to the temple to pray. The Pharisee offered a long prayer focusing on his achievements. The tax collector (publican) did not have much to say except asking for mercy, as he was a sinner. Followers of Jesus should acknowledge they are sinners and seek forgiveness. They should approach God in humility and avoid spiritual pride, and self-righteousness.
Revision exercise
LESSON TEN. THE WAY TO SALVATION, Read Luke, 18: 15 – 19: 1 – 27.
Introduction: The word ‘salvation’ refers to the act of saving or being saved from sin. Those who have received salvation area assured of eternal life. To receive salvation a person must acknowledge that he is a sinner and repent their sins. In this way, they receive forgiveness and are reconciled to God.
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you should
Introduction
Salvation means being saved from a life-threatening situation. In Christianity, salvation refers to the process of being delivered from sin and its consequences. Those who are saved are assured of eternal life.
Jesus taught about salvation using children to illustrate his message. This is what happened. Some people brought their children to Jesus so that he could bless them. The disciples scolded them. Jesus asked the children to come to him and he blessed them.
Jesus taught his disciples that they must be humble like children in order to enter the kingdom of God.
The road to salvation is by being simple, humble, and trusting like little children. The kingdom of God belongs to those who humble themselves like the little children.
The rich man. Read Luke, 18:18 – 30
The entry into the kingdom of God was further explained through the story of the rich man. The rich man came to Jesus wanting to know how he could inherit eternal life and be saved. Jesus reminded him of the importance of keeping the commandments. The young man responded that he had observed the commandments since he was young. Jesus told him there is one thing remaining to do; sell everything he has, and give it to the poor, and then follow Jesus.
The rich man was very sorrowful for he was very wealthy. Wealth can hinder the rich from receiving salvation. Jesus acknowledged the sacrifice made by his disciples. He emphasized that disciples shall receive salvation in the present and in life to come. Salvation is a gift from God. Salvation is received; by those who accept to follow Jesus. Trusting in wealth can be a hindrance to salvation. The rich may find it difficult to inherit eternal life. Jesus predicts his death, a 3rd time. Read Luke, 18: 31 – 34.
Jesus predicted his death a three times. First was after asking his disciples who they say he was. The second time was after transfiguration when his face was set towards Jerusalem. The third prediction shall be in Jerusalem (Luke 18:31-34). Jesus told the disciples that previous prophecies would be fulfilled in Jerusalem. His death was going to take place in Jerusalem according to the writings of the prophets. It was going to be a painful death. He shall be beaten, mocked, spit upon and put to death. But on the third day, he shall rise again.
The disciples did not understand what Jesus was telling them. Jesus had to die so that those whobelieved in him may receive eternal life. The death and resurrection of Jesus gives Christians hope of eternal life.
Jesus heals a blood beggar. Read Luke, 18: 35 – 43
As Jesus neared Jericho, a blind man sat by the roadside begging. When he heard the multitude pass by, he inquired what was going on and he was told that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. He then cried out “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me”
The crowds rebuked him but he cried out louder to Jesus to have mercy on him. Jesus asked him what he wanted. He said he wanted to see. Jesus told him to receive his sight for his faith had made him whole. The beggar was joyful and he followed Jesus rejoicing.
Lessons learnt. Christians should have faith in Jesus. They should also be persistent and make specific requests.
LESSON THIRTEEN: JESUS AND ZACCHAEUS LK 19:1 – 9
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson,
Zacchaeus was short. His profession was a tax collector. He was rich. He wanted to be saved.
When Jesus was passing by Jericho, he wanted to see Jesus. He couldn’t because he was short. He ran and climbed a sycamore tree to see Jesus. When Jesus came to the place where Zacchaeus was, he looked up and said “Hurry down, Zacchaeus, because I must stay in your house today” (verse 5). Jesus then went with Zacchaeus to his house. When people saw this they grumbled, and murmured. They said that Jesus was going to a house of a sinner.
Jesus told them that salvation has come to the house of Zacchaeus, a son of Abraham … the Son of man came to seek and save the lost. There is no sin that God cannot forgive, even that of a tax collector. Zacchaeus told Jesus that he was going to give to the poor half of his wealth and whatever he took from any man and woman wrongfully, he will restore four times. From this salvation, we learn that the rich should share their wealth with the needy.
The Parable of the Gold Coins: Luke, 19: 11 – 27.
A certain nobleman went to a far country. Before he left he called his ten servants and gave each a gold coin (ten pounds in total). He told them to trade with the coins until he returns.
When he returned, he called the servants to report profits they had made. The first servant said that one-pound coin had made profit of 10 pounds (gold coins). He made the manager of ten cities. The second servant had traded and gained 5 pounds. He was made the manager of 5 cities. The third one had hidden the pound. He did not trade. He accused the master of being mean, and cruel. He returned the pound, which was given to the servant with 10 pounds.
Lessons to learn.
This parable was about the kingdom of God. God expects us to use opportunities he has given to us for his work. Each one of us shall account for the use of the abilities and skills that God gave to us –students, workers, and other professionals. To receive eternal life, Christians should repent and be obedient to God’s instructions.
Revision questions
TOPIC FIVE: THE JERUSALEM MINISTRY. Luke, 19: 28 – 21: 38
Lesson Outcomes. By the end of this topic, you should:
LESSON ONE: THE TRIUMPHANT ENTRY OF JESUS TO JERUSALEM LK. 19:28 – 40
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you should
Jesus death had to happen in Jerusalem. Hence Jesus went to Jerusalem. He sent two disciples to a place where there was a colt (young donkey) that no person had ever ridden. They took it to Jesus. They threw their garments on the colt, and Jesus sat on it. As Jesus rode, people spread their clothes on the road. As Jesus neared Jerusalem, a “large crowd of his disciples began to” praise God (vs37). The crowd said ‘blessed be the king who comes in the name of the lord’.
The Pharisees told Jesus to rebuke the disciples. Jesus told them if the disciples kept quiet the stones would start shouting.
Jesus made his entry into Jerusalem in a royal (kingly) procession. He was Israel’s humble king who came with peace and not a political leader. He rode on a donkey – a symbol of peace. This was unlike the political kings who rode on the horses during that time.
When Jesus was near Jerusalem he wept. He then foretold the coming destruction of Jerusalem due to its rejection of the messiah.
The rejoicing of his triumphant entry to Jerusalem turned to mourning as he foretold the destruction of Jerusalem by Romans in 70 A.D.
Jesus went to Jerusalem temple and evicted traders. He told them that the house of God is a house of prayer not a den of thieves. Jeremiah spoke these same words during his temple sermon. The chief priests and scribes began planning how to kill Jesus.
LESSON TWO. PHARISEES, SCRIBES QUESTION JESUS. LUKE 20 1-47
Learning outcomes. By the end of the lesson you should be able to: –
The Jewish leaders wanted to know from Jesus by whose authority he was doing all the things he was doing. In response Jesus asked them “did John’s right to baptize come from God or from human beings?” (Vs4).
They discussed among themselves and decided not answer. Jesus told them “neither will I tell you”. In response to his authority being questioned he told a parable.
Read the parable in Luke, 20: 9 – 18. The tenants refused to pay the owner of the vineyard his share of the harvest. They threw out the servants he sent to collect his share of the harvest. When he sent his son, they killed him so that they can own the vineyard. Jesus asked the people… “What will the owner of the vineyard do to the tenants?”
Pharisees, and scribes (teachers of the law) and chief priests planned to arrest Jesus but they were afraid of the people. They sent spies to trick Jesus by asking this question -” …is it against our law for us to pay taxes to the Roman Empire, or not?
Jesus used the currency and told them “pay the Emperor Caesar what belongs to him and pay God what belongs to God.” (Verse 25)
This was a tricky question. Jesus here teachers people to obey the rules of the land and to obey God’s rules.
The Sadducees who did not believe in resurrection tempted Jesus with another question. They wanted to know this. When resurrection comes, who shall be the husband to a woman who was married to the first brother and inherited as a widow by the other six brothers?
Jesus told them the men and women who shall be worthy of resurrection shall not marry. They shall be like angels and cannot die (verse 34 to 38)
Jesus warned his disciples. Be careful and guard yourselves against teachers of the law, the scribes. They were hypocritical. They wore long robes, said long prayers, looked for positions of honor and exploited the widows.
When people were giving offerings in the temple, a widow gave “two little copper coins”. Jesus said the poor widow had given all she had. Likewise Christians should give to God not to be seen but from their hearts. It is not the quantity of the gift that matters but the attitude of the giver.
LESSON THREE: THE TEACHINGS OF JESUS ABOUT ESCHATOLOGY LK. 21: 5 – 38
Eschatology is from two Greek words, ‘eschatus’ and ‘logos’. Eschatus means end, Logos means study.
Eschatology means the study of the end times or in CRE the last days of Jesus. For biblical information, read Luke 21:5-38 and Mathew 24: 1 – 36 and Mark 13:1-31.
Learning outcomes. After this lesson, you should:
come. These were to happen at different times. The signs were:
During the time of Jesus, the temple was used for
(a) Child dedication
(b) Circumcision
(c) Purification
(d)Trading and business centre
(e) Worshiping and prayer
(f) a place for celebrating festivals such as the Passover and other major feasts
(g) a learning centre or school for religious purposes. For example disciples of the scribes learnt law in the temple.
The destruction of the temple symbolized the birth of Christianity. From that time Christians became the new temple of God.
Jesus used the parable of the fig tree to explain more about the end times. Appearance of leaves in the fig tree and other trees inform us that summer will soon come. When Christians see signs of the end times, they should know that the kingdom of God is about to come. Jesus told disciples to be watchful, alert, and praying for strength to endure the coming tribulations. See the previous teachings on watchfulness and readiness. Christians are to watch out and be ready for the end times.
These teachings assure and continue to tell Christians these messages from Jesus:
Revision questions
21; 5-38
TOPIC SIX: THE PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS
Passion is a strong feeling of love, hate or anger. Passion of Jesus is the great sufferings of Jesus, which was a deep emotional anguish.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
(a) Discuss the events of the Lord’s supper
(b) State relevance of the Lord’s supper to Christians today
(c) Describe the events that took place at mount Olives
(d) Describe the events that took place between the arrest and burial of Jesus
(e) Relate the relevance of the sufferings and death of Jesus to Christians today
(f) Explain the importance of resurrection of Jesus to Christians
(g) Describe the resurrection of Jesus – the evidence of his resurrection
(h) Narrate the ascension of Jesus
The plot against Jesus
The Jewish religious leaders were determined to ensure that Jesus was either arrested or killed (Lk.22: 1 – 6)
They were helped by Satan who entered into Judas Iscariot one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. Judas decided to betray Jesus. He communed with the Jewish leaders who agreed to pay him money to betray Jesus. He searched for a way to betray Jesus without knowledge of Jesus. He forgot who Jesus was.
Judas agreed to betray Jesus probably because:
LESSON ONE: THE LORDS SUPPERS/ THE LAST SUPPER. LK 22: 7 – 13
The last supper was the lost Passover meal that Jesus took before his arrest. Passover is celebrated in obedience to God’s command to Moses. It is a remembrance of Israel’s deliverance by God from slavery in Egypt.
Preparations for the Passover, Read Luke 22: 7 – 23.
Peter and John were sent by Jesus to go and prepare the Passover meal. They were to do so in a house in the city. They were taken to the house by, a man who was carrying a vessel of water. They were given a big furnished upper room upstairs. They prepared the Passover meal as instructed by Jesus.
Passover meal
During the meal with the 12 disciples / apostles Jesus told them that this was going to be his last meal with them before his death. He took a cup of wine gave thanks to God and said “Take this and share itamong yourselves. I tell you that from now on I will not drink this wine until the Kingdom of God
comes.” The cup of wine was his blood that he was going to shed for them. Wine therefore symbolized the blood of Jesus, shed for the purification of humankind and forgiveness of sins. This blood is the New Testament and covenant with Christians.
After drinking of wine, He “took a piece of bread, gave thanks to God “ and shared it and told them that the piece of bread represented his body which is “given for them”.
He presented his death as a sacrifice whose blood sealed the new covenant. His death replaced the sacrifices of the Old law, those of animals, which sealed the Sinai covenant. The new covenant will be for all people including Gentiles. This is to fulfill God’s promise of salvation for all people. Jesus and disciples ate Passover together so that henceforth Christians would eat the meal together in remembrance of Jesus. Passover was initially taken to remind them of the deliverance from Egypt. But during the last supper, Jesus gave the Passover a new meaning.
As they ate, Jesus foretold of his betrayal by one of his disciple.
SAQ.
Comparisons of the Lord’s Supper and the Passover
(a) The Passover commemorates the divine act of redemption of the Jews from their bondage in Egypt while the Last Supper commemorates the deliverance of human kind from sin.
(b) The Passover feast reminded the Israelites that they were free, redeemed people while the Lords Suppers is to remind Christians of their forgiveness of sins. The death of Jesus set Christians free from sins.
(c) Passover was followed by the Old covenant of Mount Sinai. The Lords suppers is a new covenant based on the death of Jesus for sins of humankind
(d) Passover (Old testament) was sealed by the blood of Lambs while New Covenant (Lords suppers) is sealed by the blood of Jesus on the cross.
(e) Items for celebrating in Passover (old testament) are different from the cup of wine and pieces of bread used by Jesus to celebrate his last supper with the disciples.
Relevance of the Lord’s Supper today
Christians celebrate the Lords supper. This celebration is called the Eucharist, the Lords suppers, or Lords meal. Christians celebrate it as an act of repentance; through which they receive assurance of forgiveness of their sins. The presence of Jesus becomes a reality when Christians share bread and wine.
Bread and wine are symbols of heavenly feast, which Christians will partake in God’s kingdom.
The Lords supper is also a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving to God. It is a time for rededication to Christ and self-renewal. Through the celebration of the Lords supper, Christians anticipate the second coming of Jesus and the establishment of Gods Kingdom. It is also a time to remember the death and resurrection of Jesus and reflect on God’s love for humankind.
A question arose among the disciples. They wanted to know who among them was the greatest. Jesus told them that they do not belong to the world system of authority given on the basis of wealth and fame.
The authority among the disciples will be determined on the basis of their service to others. The greatest is the servant. Jesus likened himself to a servant hence disciples are called to serve. By sharingin trials and sufferings of Jesus, the disciples will share in his ruling power over the new Israel.
Leadership in church should be understood in terms of service – being a servant of people. In the community of Christians, all people who are followers of Jesus are all equal.
SAQ. In your opinion, which are the signs of greatness in the world?
Jesus told peter that Satan had received permission to test or tempt all the disciples but Jesus had prayed for Peter’s faith not to fail. Jesus told Peter that he shall deny Jesus three times before the cock crows.
Jesus was telling his disciples that they will encounter hostility in their evangelism hence they should be prepared for suffering and opposition because of Him as Isaiah 53:12 says ‘he shared the fate of evil men.’ Jesus death was imminent inevitable. The disciples were expected to be strong
LESSON TWO: PRAYER, ARREST OF JESUS AND DENIAL BY PETER
Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lesson, you shall:
After celebrating the last supper, Jesus went to the Mount of Olives with his disciples to pray to resist temptation. Jesus went ahead of his disciples, knelt down and prayed.
Jesus left them to pray by himself. He said” Father if you will, take this cup of suffering away from me.
Not my will, however, but your will to be done” (42). An angel came to strengthen him. He prayed earnestly, in agony and turmoil great than the physical pain. He sweated great drops of blood.
After praying, Jesus found his disciples asleep “worn out by their grief” vs. 45). Jesus asked them to wake up and pray to avoid temptation.
Significance
The disciples fell asleep. This was a sign of moral and physical exhaustion. Jesus expressed inner struggle about the fulfillment of his messianic mission. He prayed for God’s help. Christians should always pray to avoid temptation and seek God’s help.
Jesus was arrested by: the chief priest, elders, officers of the temple guard, and a crowd of people as he talked to his disciples. He was taken to the house of the high priest. Judas had identified Jesus with a kiss. Jesus asked Judas” him “Judas, is it with a kiss that you betray the Son of man?”
Jewish religious leaders had come to arrest Jesus as they arrested other criminals. Jesus told his disciples not to resist his arrest. He rejected armed resistance refusing the role of a political messiah. Peter followed him from a distance.
After Jesus was arrested he was taken to the house of the High Priest. As Peter sat warming himself with
others, a maid identified Peter. She said, “This man too was with Jesus. Peter denied knowing Jesus
three times. After the third denial, the cock crowed just as Jesus predicted.
Jesus turned and looked at Peter who remembered the words of Jesus. “Peter went out and wept
bitterly” (Vs. 62). Weeping was a sign of repentance
LESSON THREE: THE TRIALS AND CRUCIFIXION OF JESUS
Lesson Outcomes.By the end of this lesson. You should
After being taken to the house of the High Priest, the next morning Jesus was taken to the Jewish
Religious council or court; called the Sanhedrin. They all asked him if he was the messiah. Jesus told they wouldn’t believe whatever he says. But “ the Son of Man will be seated on the right hand of Almighty God.” (Vs. 69). Jesus told them he was the Son of God. The Sanhedrin accused Jesus of blasphemy, a sin punishable by death.
The second court was the Roman court. The judge was Pilate, the Roman Governor. In this court the Sanhedrin accused Jesus of:
Inciting people to revolt, and rebelling against Roman authority
Forbidding people to pay taxes to the Emperor
Claiming to be the king, a Messiah,
They could not accuse him of blasphemy before Pilate since this offence was not acceptable under the Roman law. Pilate asked Jesus if he was the king, Jesus replied, “ So you say”. (vs.3). Pilate found no fault with Jesus so he sent him to Herod.
iii. Trial by Herod. Read Luke, 23: 6 – 12
Herod was in Jerusalem. When Jesus was brought before him, he expected Jesus to perform miracles to impress him. He asked Jesus many questions and Jesus kept quiet. Herod and his soldiers mocked Jesus, and ridiculed him. They put on him royal clothes; then sent Jesus back to Pilate.
Jesus was brought back to Pilate a second time. Pilate repeated that Jesus was not guilty (innocent) of any crime. Pilate offered to have Jesus beaten and then released.
The crowds, leaders and chief priests gave their judgment. “Kill him!” and release Barabbas, who was a rioter and a murderer. Pilate did not find Jesus guilty. But he did what they wanted. He released Barabbas and “ handed Jesus over for them to do as they wished” (vs. 25).
Jesus was led away to be crucified. Solders forced Simon of Cyrene to carry the cross for Jesus. Women followed Jesus and weeping. Jesus told them not to weep for Him but for themselves and their children.
Jesus was then crucified at a place called Golgotha (place of skull) or Calvary together with two male criminal; one on His right and the other on His Left. Jesus asked God to forgive them (persecutors) for they did not know what they were doing.
The Jewish leaders, said “He saved others; let him save himself if he is the Messiah whom God has chosen” (vs. 35); Solders mocked Jesus and said “Save yourself if you are the king of Jews” and one criminal hanged with Jesus mocked Jesus and told Him “Aren’t you the Messiah? Save yourself and me”.
The other thief rebuked him saying they deserved the punishment for their deeds but Jesus had done nothing. This thief repented and told Jesus, “Remember me, Jesus, when you come as King”. Jesus told him that he would be in paradise with Jesus on that day (vs. 42 – 43).
On top of the cross, Jews wrote, “This is the King of the Jews” (vs. 38).
LESSON FOUR: DEATH OF JESUS. Read Luke. 23: 44 – 50
Learning outcomes. By the end of this lesson,
The veil/curtain of the temple tore into two. Jesus cried out with a loud voice “ Father, into thee hands I commit my spirit”. At this shout Jesus died.
The Roman centurion saw and praised God. He declared, “Certainly this was an innocent man”. The multitude that watched the crucifixion and death went home beating their breasts, a sign of repentance.
The women, who knew Jesus from Galilee, stood at a distance watching all these things.
Joseph from Arimathea, a town in Judea sought permission from Pilate to bury the body of Jesus. He was waiting for the coming of the Kingdom of God, a likely secret disciple of Jesus. He was a good and honorable man.
The body of Jesus was laid in a sepulchre (Tomb) where nobody had ever been laid. Jesus’ burial in Joseph’s tomb fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy that the suffering servant of Yahweh was buried in a rich man’s tomb (Isaiah 53:9)
The Galilean women and Joseph saw where the body of Jesus was laid. They went home, and prepared spices to use to wash Jesus’ body. They rested on the Sabbath.
Christians today should practice or do the following activities.
iii They should not give up when rejected.
iv They should be aware of hypocrites and traitors amongst them.
v They should be willing to suffer for the sake of the Kingdom of God.
vi They should be ready to fight for a just cause
vii They should never condemn the innocent.
viii They should go through their suffering bravely.
ix They should know and accept suffering as a part of the Christian calling
x They should not be afraid of rejection by people l
xi They should be encouraged that Jesus suffered for them.
Death is inevitable. Hence, Christians should at all times: live a holy life, repent sins, forgive those who have wronged them, make a will, accept death as inevitable, and read the word of God
LESSON FIVE: THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS. Read Luke 24: 1 – 53
Resurrection refers to the event of Jesus rising from the dead
After the Sabbath day, on Sunday morning; Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, Salome (Joanna) and other women, went to the tomb with the spices they has prepared. They found the entrance open. The stone covering the tomb was rolled away. The tomb was empty. The body of Jesus was not in the tomb.
Suddenly, two men, who were angels, appeared dresses in dazzling and shining clothes. They said “ Whyare you looking among the dead for one who is alive? He is not here; he has been raised. ”
The women went and told the 11 disciples, who did not believe them. Peter ran to the tomb and found it empty.
Women were the first to witness the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is significant as they (women) were empowered to become witnesses of Christ as evangelists beyond the Jewish culture.
The disciples’ en route to Emmaus
Two disciples were traveling to Emmaus, which was 11 km from Jerusalem discussing Jesus suffering, death and the empty tomb. Jesus met them but their eyes were blinded and they did not recognize him.
The disciples explained to Jesus the events that had taken place and how they had hoped that Jesus would liberate Israel from the Roman rule.
Jesus explained to them the scriptures concerning the messiah. When they got to Emmaus, they invited him to dine with them for it was evening. When Jesus, “took the bread and said the blessings; then he broke the bread and gave it to them”, the disciples recognized Jesus but he vanished out of their sight
(vs. 30-31). They returned to Jerusalem and told the 11 disciples that Jesus has risen.
He has flesh and bones unlike ghosts, which do not have.
He explained to the apostles his mission, which was prophesied by prophets, and written in the Law of Moses, and Psalms (v.44).
He commissioned the disciples to preach repentance and remission of sins and be his witnesses. He alsopromised to send them the promise of the father (Holy Spirit)
SAQ. What was the nature of the resurrected body of Jesus?
From Jerusalem, Jesus took his disciples to Bethany, a town outside Jerusalem. He lifted his hands and blessed them. As he blessed them, he was lifted up and carried to heaven.
The disciples worshipped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. They continued to go to the temple to praise and give thanks to God.
The disciples were now confident about their mission and who Jesus was
Resurrection is the foundation of Christian faith. Christianity is based on the fact that Jesus resurrected and was taken up to heaven. Further to this:
Revision questions
c, State the Christian teaching about the lord’s supper
the council of Sanhedrin, the trial before Pilate, the trial before Herod and Pilate’s judgement.
Revision question and answers
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