__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b) State three factors which influence mass wasting. (3 mks)

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a) Name two soft wood trees grown in the forest reserves of Kenya. (2 mks)

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b) State three characteristics of softwood forests in Canada. (3 mks)

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a) The diagram below represents a composite volcano. Name the features marked. (3 mks)

P ________________________________________

Q ________________________________________

R ________________________________________

b) What is magma? (2 mks)

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Differentiate between folding and faulting (2 mks)

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State three causes of earthquakes. (3 mks

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SECTION B

Answer all questions this section.

Study the map of Taita Hills 1:50,000 (Sheet 189/4) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) Name two types of scales used on this map. (2 mks)

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ii) List three man-made features found in the grid square (2918). (3 mks)

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iii) Name the feature found on the grid reference (426255). (1 mk)

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b) Name two hydrographic features depicted on the map. (2 mks)

________________________________________________________________________

c) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (3 mks)

________________________________________________________________________

d) Giving evidence from the map, name three forms of transport in the area covered by the map. (3 mks)

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e) Draw a square of 6cm to represent the area between Eastings 36 and 40 and between Northing 26 and 29. On it show:
i) Dam
ii) Ronge forest

iii) Road – loose surface road

iv) Motorable track
v) Outcrop rock

a) The diagram below shows a waterfall. Name the features marked. (3 mks)

X______________________________________

Y______________________________________

Z_____________________________________

b) i) Describe the process of river capture. (4 mks)

________________________________________________________________________

ii) Give three evidences of river capture. (3 mks)

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c) Suppose you are to carry out a field study of one of the big rivers in your county.
i) State three ways in which you would prepare for the study. (3 mks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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ii) State two advantages of studying rivers through field work. (2 mks)

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a) Describe how Lake Victoria was formed. (5 mks)

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b) Explain five reasons why some lakes in rift valley have fresh water. (5 mks)

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c) State five economic uses of lakes. (5 mks)

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The table below shows the Kenya’s leaching export minerals by value (Ksh million). Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

Mineral	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Soda ash	35150	34485	34376	33005	36072
Fluorspar	21216	19846	28334	36485	39541
Salts	11707	7460	6541	6286	6944

a) Calculate the percentage increase in value of soda ash as export between the year 2000 and 2004. (2 mks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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b) Calculate the total mineral exports for the year 2002. (2 mks)

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c) Calculate the average exports for salts from the year 2000 to 2004. (2mks)

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d) i) Name three method of mining. (3 mks)

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ii) Explain three benefits of gold mining in South Africa. (6 mks)

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a) The diagram below shows a feature resulting from wind erosion in the deserts. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify the feature. (2 mks)

________________________________________________________________________

ii) Explain how the above feature is formed. (5 mks)

________________________________________________________________________

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iii) Give two main deserts where this feature is common. (2 mks)

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b) A form three class conducted a field study in an area affected by wind deposition.
i) State three types of sand dunes the class would have identified. (3 mks)

____________________________________________________________________________

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ii) State three problems the students would have come across. (3 mks)

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FORM THREE

GEOGRAPHY

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

a) – Weathering is physical break down or chemical decay of rocks in situ while mass

wasting is the movement of weathered rock material down a slope under the influence of gravity.

(2 mks)

b) – Angle of slope/gradient

Human activities
Amount of water in the material
Nature of material/nature of underlying rocks
Earth movements/tectonic movements
Presence or absence of vegetation
Climatic conditions

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

a) – Cypress

Pine
Cider
Eucalyptus

(2 x 1 = 2 mks)

b) – Trees are conical in shape

Trees occur in pure stands
Trees grow tall and straight (30 – 40m)
Trees have needle – like leaves
Trees bear cones
The forests are evergreen
The forests have no undergrowth
The trees have thick barks

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

a) P – conelet/parasitic cone/subsidiary cone

Q – layer of lava

R – crater

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

b) – Magma is a mixture of molten rocks and gases in the interior of the earth.

(2 mks)

– Folding is the bending of rocks of the earth’s crust while faulting is cracking or

fracturing of the rocks of the earth’s crust.

(2 mks)

– Collision between tectonic plates

Faulting/cracking of rocks
Violent volcanic eruptions/movement of magma within the crust
Isostatic adjustment
Explosions caused by man
Energy release within the mantle
Gravitative pressure

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

SECTION B

a) i) Types of scales used

Linear scale
Representative Fraction (R.F)/Ratio scale

(2 x 1 = 2 mks)

ii) List three man-made features found in the grid square (2918)

Road e.g. All weather road bound surface
School
Church
Pump house

(Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)

iii) Feature found in the grid reference (426255)

A water tank

(1 mks)

b) Two hydrographic features depicted on the map

Perennial/permanent rivers e.g. R. Voi (Goshi)
Dam
Water tank

(Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

c) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map.

Presence of numerous hills in the area e.g. Maragua
Area is steep on the western part and gentle sloping on the eastern part
Presence of valleys especially river valleys
Land rises from east to west/slope from west to east

(Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)

d) Forms of transport

Road transport evidenced by presence of roads
Railway transport evidenced by railway line
Air transport evidenced by grass air field

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

a) X – Resistant rock/hard rocks/sill

Y – Plunge pool

Z – Rock boulders

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

b) i) – River capture occurs where there are two adjacent rivers

One of the rivers has more erosive power than the other
The more powerful river erodes away the ridge that separates the two by headward erosion
Eventually it encroaches into the valley of the weaker river diverting its waters into its valley

(4 x 1 = 4 mks)

ii) Evidences of river capture

Wind gap
Elbow of capture
Misfit stream

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

c) i) – Formulate hypothesis/objectives

Reading from secondary sources
Conduct pre-visit/reconnaissance
Prepare a working schedule
Seek permission from relevant authorities
Identify/collect the relevant tools and equipment

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

ii) – It enables students to collect first-hand information

It enables to develop skills of observation/data collection
Students are able to apply the knowledge learned from books/classroom in the field
Students are able to make their own records

(2 x 1 = 3 mks)

a) How lake Victoria was formed

Earth movement caused crustal down warping
A basin-like depression was formed
Uplifting of land masses/back-tilting of the plateau around the depression diverted flow of rivers into depression, caused reversed drainage
Deposition into depression resulted into further down warping
Water from the rivers accumulated in the depression forming lake

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

b) Reasons why some lakes in rift valley are fresh

They have surface outlets through which excess salt deposits are carried away
Some have subterranean outlets which drain the salts in the lake bed
The lakes have regular inflow of fresh water from rivers which dilutes the salts keeping water fresh
Some are situated in areas of low temperature thus low evaporation rate
Some are situated in areas of high rainfall which keeps water fresh

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

c) Economic uses of lakes

Provide water for irrigation
Provide water for industrial use
They are source of minerals
Lake shores are source of sand used in construction industry
Lakes are harnessed to generate hydro-electric power
Lakes provide waterway
Lakes are tourist attractions
Lakes are used for fishing/source of fish

(Any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(2 mks)

b) 69251 million (2 mks)

= Ksh 7,787.6 million (2 mks)

d) i) – Shaft mining/underground mining

Adit mining
Drilling
Open cast mining
Alluvial mining/placer mining

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

ii) – Gold is exported to other countries to earn foreign exchange

Gold mining has provided employment to many people in South Africa
Existence of numerous gold fields has led to the growth of many towns
The profit earned from gold has been used in the development of infrastructure e.g. roads and railway
Gold mining has led to the development of industries in Transvaal and Orange Free State
Technological advancement. The co-existence of gold and Uranium has led South Africa to become a leading producer of Uranium for atomic energy

(Any 3 x 2 = 6 mks)

a) i) Identify the feature

Mushroom block rock (2 mks)

ii) Explain the formation of the feature

Formed from homogenous rocks of uniform hardness and resistance
Wind abrasion from the heavier materials near ground results in intensive undercutting at the base of the vertically laid homogenous rock
The top of the rock undergoes gradual of slow polishing and smoothing since there are few airborne materials at such high levels
At the base the rock is eroded since there is more materials at the base
The abrasion, polishing and smoothening process result in formation of a rock structure with a broad top but very narrow base known as mushroom block rock

(5 mks)

iii) Two main deserts where feature is common

Namibia desert
Arabian desert
Sahara desert

(2 x 1 = 2 mks)

b) i) Type of sand dunes identified

Barchan
Self-dunes
Transverse dunes

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

ii) Problems students would have come across

Desert storms would have made the students uncomfortable
Students would have suffered from respiratory diseases due to dust
High temperatures during the day would have made students very uncomfortable
Student would have suffered from lack of basic necessities such as water
Attack by dangerous animals

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

By Editorial Team

The Education News Hub Editorial Team is made up of vibrant and experienced editors. Brian Yano is an accomplished longtime Digital Media Journalist at Educationnewshub.co.ke with a great passion for research and fact-checking. He delivers engaging content across diverse topics, with a special interest in Education matters. On her part, Yvonne Kemunto is a journalist, dedicated to unraveling stories that matter. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for storytelling, she brings a fresh perspective to the world of media. Her commitment to detail and excellence shines through in every piece she crafts. Our newest member of the Editorial Team is Jennifer Mumbo. She is a Seasoned Multimedia Journalist with several years' experience; dating back to 2018. Jennifer has a passion for education, sports, tech, politics and entertainment. You can reach the editors at educationnewshub3@gmail.com.