Road Map for Junior Secondary School implementation [grade 7 to 9]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THREE YEAR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Overview of Implementation Plan
This Implementation Plan is a schedule of the activities that shall be undertaken in the interim three years of JSE implementation by the various stakeholders involved in provision of JSE. The plan outlines the prioritised activities as aligned to the Chapters in the Guidelines for Implementing Junior Secondary Education. The envisaged deliverables, timelines for outputs and the responsible implementing entities are identified for reporting and follow-up. This is intended to ensure systematic and structured delivery of the targeted programmes and interventions.
Thematic Areas
The Implementation Plan is organized twelve (12) thematic areas as follows:
(I) General provisions on the JSE transition.
(Ii) Organisation and implementation of the JSE curriculum. (Iii) Assessment of the JSE and pre-vocational-level curriculum. (Iv) Physical infrastructure of JSE.
(V) Teaching and non-teaching staff of JSE. (Vi.) Welfare of JSS learners.
(Vii) Governance of JSE.
(Viii) Financial management of JSE.
(Ix) Stakeholder roles and responsibilities.
Table 11: Three(3) Year Implementation Plan
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERF OMAN CE
INDICATORS |
TIME LINES | FY2022/2023 | FY2023/2024 | FY2024/2025 | FY2025/2026 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
GENERAL TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS | ||||||||||||||||
1 | Assess suitability of Primary Schools to domicile JSS. | Assessment tool Assessment reports | Jan, 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
2 | Appoint and ope ra- tionalize JSS Manage- ment Committee. | Functional JSS Manage- ment Committee. | Jan-Dec, 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
3 | Sensitize education and TSC officers on the JSS Guidelines. | Number of education and TSC officers sensitized on the JSS Guidelines. | Jan- April, 2023, 2024
and 2025. |
MoE, KICD, KNEC
andTSC |
||||||||||||
4 | Sensitize the JSS leadership on the Guidelines | Number of JSS leadership sensitized. | Jan-April, 2023, 2024
and 2025. |
MoE, KICD, KNEC
and TSC |
||||||||||||
5 | Sensitize parents on the JSS Guidelines. | Number sensitized Guide- lines.
of on parents the JSS |
Jan- April, 2023, 2024
and 2025. |
MoE, KICD, KNEC
andTSC |
||||||||||||
6 | Conduct public aware ness on the Guide- lines. | Number awareness con- ducted. of public forums | Jan,2023- Dec,2025 | MoE, KICD, KNEC
and TSC |
||||||||||||
7 | Update NEMIS with data on JSS admis- sions. | Percentage of JSS learners whose data is captured in NEMIS. | Jan,2023- Dec,2026 | MoE | ||||||||||||
8 | Develop, validate and disseminate Guidelines for Implementation of SSS. | Published
and disseminated Guide- lines. |
May- Dec, 2024 | MoE, KICD, KNEC and TSC, KISE, CEMAS- TEA |
THE CURRICULUM OF JSS
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERF OMAN CE
INDICATORS |
TIME LINES | FY 22/23 | FY 23/24 | FY 24/25 | FY 25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
9 |
Distribute Curriculum Designs and learning materials to ALL JSSs (Grades 7, 8 and 9) learners and Pre- Voca- tional level institutions. | (a) Number of registered JSSs with curriculum designs.
(b) Number of SNE JSSs with Pre-Vocational Curriculum Designs. |
Jan 2023,
Sept, 2024 and Sep, 2025. |
KICD | ||||||||||||
10 | Develop validate and disseminate Careers Guidance Handbook for Basic Education. | Published and validated Ca- reers Guidance Handbook | Jan 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
11 | Develop validate and disseminate Framework for Support Programmes. | Published and validated Frame- work for support Programmes | MoE | |||||||||||||
12 | Disseminate guidelines for non- formal pro- grammes, PEE and VBE | Number of Disseminated guidelines for non- formal programmes,PEE and VBE | June,2023, 24 and 25. | KICD and MoE | ||||||||||||
13 | Map, compile and share data on the vetted per- son illegible to engage schools on various pro- grammes. | Published List of vetted personnel eligible to engae schools on various pro- grammes. | June,2023, 24 and 25. | MoE | ||||||||||||
14 | Develop Training Mod- ules for JSS Teacher Capacity In- service (regular and SNE). | Number of Training Mod- ules developed for JSS Teacher Capacity In-service service(regular&SNE). | Feb,2023 | KICD | ||||||||||||
15 | Validate and approve the Training Modules for Teacher Capacity In- service. | Number of approved Training Modules for in-service teach- er capacity development | March, 2023 | MOE, KICD, TSC, KISE CEMAS-
TEA, and, KEMI. |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS | TIME LINES | FY 2022/23 | FY 2023/2024 | FY 2024/2025 | FY
2025/2026 |
ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
16 | Train the Master Train- ers and ToTs on Teacher Capacity In- service (regular and SNE). | Number of Master Trainers and ToTs trained on building the capacity for in- service regular and SNE teachers | March, 2023 | |||||||||||||
17 | Train the teachers on the JSS curriculum (regular and SNE). | Number of teachers trained. | April, Aug and
Dec 2023- 2025. |
|||||||||||||
18 | Review the
modules for Teach- er in-service training (regular and SNE). |
Number of Teacher in- service Modules reviewed. | April 2024
and 2025 |
|||||||||||||
19 | Establish and operation- alise peer capacity devel- opment in the JSSs | (a) No of teachers participating in lesson study.
(b) No of teachers engaged in peer and virtual sup- port |
April 2023- Dec,2025 | MoE, KICD, TSC, KISE CEMASTEA,
and, KEMI. |
||||||||||||
20 | Establish and operation- alize a Career Guidance Department in the ALL JSSs. | Number of Career Guidance Depart- ments established and
operational. |
April 2023- Dec,2025 | MoE, KICD
and TSC |
||||||||||||
21 | Establish and operational- ize learners support pro- grammes
in ALL JSSs. |
Number of learner support programmes established
and operational. |
Jan 2023-
Dec,2025 |
MoE and KICD | ||||||||||||
22 | Implement co-curricular activities in ALL JSSs to support the JSE curriculum. | Number of co-curric- ular activities imple- mented. | April 2023- Dec,2025 | MoE | ||||||||||||
ASSESSMENT OF THE JSS CURRICULUM | ||||||||||||||||
23 | Develop Assessment
Framework for JSS |
Assessment Frame-
work |
July-Sept
2023 |
KNEC |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERFO- MANCE INDICATORS | TIME LINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
24 | Develop SBA for JSS | Assessment tools | July-Sept, 2023-2025 | KNEC subject panels | ||||||||||||
25 | Administration of SBA for Grades 7 and 8 | (a) Guideline for Administration
(b) Assessment tools (c) Easement Timetables |
July- December | KNEC,
Schools SCDE, CSOs |
||||||||||||
26 | Administration of sum- mative assessment for Grade 9 | Assessments tools Regul tions for administration of summative evaluation | Jan- July, 2025 | KNEC Schools SCDE CSOs | ||||||||||||
27 | Analysis of SBA and report writing. | Assessment outcomes from the SBA | April–July, 2023-24 | KNEC | ||||||||||||
28 | Processingof Summative- Evaluation results | Certificates to candidates | January 2026 | KNEC | ||||||||||||
29 | Finalization of the JSS CBAF and related guide- lines. | Finalized CBAF and related guidelines. | KNEC | |||||||||||||
30 | Monitoring formative assessments in JSS. | Monitoring report on forma- tive assessments in JSS | KNEC | |||||||||||||
31 | Strengthening NASMLA to provide continuous feedback on the CBC implementation. | Strengthened NASMLA | KNEC | |||||||||||||
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF JSS | ||||||||||||||||
32 | Develop,validate and disseminate a Frame- work for sharing of In- frastructure and human resources amongst Schools and service pro-
viders. |
Published and disseminated Infrastructure and human resources sharing Frame- work. | Jan–April 2023 | MoE |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEYPERFO- MANCE INDI- CATORS | TIME- LINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
33 | Develop and operationalise a National School transpor- tation policy. | An operationalise na- tional school transport policy. | January–Au- gust 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
34 | Mapping of ALL JSSs to establish the infra- structure and human re- source gaps. | Are port on infrastructure and human resource gaps for JSS. | January– April 2023 | MoE and TSC | ||||||||||||
35 | Operationalise infrastruc- ture and human resource sharing agreements for the JSSs. | Number of Document- ed agreements
on Infrastructure and human resource sharing. |
May 2023–
June, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
36 | Distribute mobile laborato- ries and integrated science kits to targeted JSSs. | Number of mobile schools and integrated science kits in JSS insti- tutions. | January, 2023–
December 2026 |
MoE and SEPU | ||||||||||||
37 | Construct and furnish classrooms in targeted JSSs, with relevant adaptations for SNE. | Number of furnished classrooms with rel- evant adaptations in tar- get JSS Institutions. | Jan, 2024–
December 2026 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
38 | Construct and equip Sci- ence laboratories in tar- geted JSSs, with relevant adaptations for SNE. | Number of science labo- ratories constructed and equipped with relevant adaptation in targeted JSSs. | January, 2024–
December 2026 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
39 | Construct additional WASH facilities in targeted JSSs, with relevant adapta- tions for SNE. | Number of additional constructed WASH fa- cilities with adaptations intargeted JSSs. | January, 2024– De-
cember 2026 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
40 | Construct and equip special rooms intargeted JSSs with relevant adaptations forSNE. | Number of constructed and equipped special rooms intargeted JSSs. | January, 2024–
December 2026 |
MoE |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERF OMAN CE
INDICATORS |
TIME LINES | FY 22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
41 | Construct and equip computer rooms in targeted JSSs, with relevant adaptations for SNE. | Number of constructed and equipped computer rooms with relevant adaptations intargeted JSSs. | Jan, 2024–
Dec 2026 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
42 | Monitor and evaluate the in- frastructure development and sharing among the JSSs. | M&E Report on infrastructure development and sharing among the JSSs. | Jan, 2023–
Dec 2026 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
43 | Conduct infrastructure audit of existing Secondary Schools,to establish theca pa city to offer
the SSS Pathways and Tracks. |
Infrastructure audit report showing the Number of existing Sec. Schools and
possible Pathways. |
Jan, 2024
July 2024 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
WELFARE OF LEARNERS I N JSS | ||||||||||||||||
44 | Induct JSS(Grade 7) learners | Updated data on all Learners inducted. | Feb 2023,
2024 & 2025 |
JSS leadership | ||||||||||||
45 | Establish Student Councils for JSSs. | Number of JSSs with functional Students Councils. | Feb, 2023,
2024 & 2025 |
JSS leadership | ||||||||||||
46 | Provide School Meals to JSS learners. | Number of JSSs with learners who receive at least a hot midday meal. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
47 | Distribute sanitary towels to JSS learners. | Number of learners provided with sanitary towels. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
48 | Enrol JSS learners to EDUAFYA facility. | Number of JSS learners enrolled to EDUAFYA facility. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEYPERFO- MANCE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
49 | Establish and operation- alize a Games and Sports Committee to manage sports development at the JSS. | A functional well con- stituted committee for games and sports | Jan, 2023-Dec, 2025 | MoE | ||||||||||||
50 | Establish and operatize a Discipline Committee in the JSSs. | A functional well constitut- ed Discipline committee | Jan, 2023-Dec, 2025 | MoE | ||||||||||||
51 | Establish and operatize a G&C Committee in the JSSs. | Number of JSSs with a functional G&C Commit- tee. | Jan, 2023-Dec, 2025 | JSS leadership | ||||||||||||
52 | Implement G&C pro- grammes to cater for the psycho social needs of ALL learners. | Number of G & C pro- grams catering for psycho- social needs of all learners | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
JSS leadership | ||||||||||||
53 | Develop, validate and dis- seminate G&C Policy to address the psychosocial and spiritual needs of JSS learners. | Validated, published and disseminated & C Policy to address the psychoso- cial and spiritual needs of JSS learners | June, 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
54 | Implement mentorship programmes for ALL JSS learners to strengthen their value dispositions. | Number of implemented mentorship programmes for ALL JSS learners to strengthen their value dis- positions. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE and JSS leadership | ||||||||||||
55 | Develop, validate and disseminate Guidelines on Student Leadership. | Validated,Published and disseminated Guidelines on Student Leadership. | Jan to June 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
56 | Train teachers of G&C on the G&C policy. | Number of JSS teacher trained in G&C | Jan. 2023 to
Dec 2025 |
MoE |
TEACHINGANDNON-TEACHINGSTAFFOFJSS
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERF OMAN CE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
57 | Recruit and/or deploy teachers. | Number of recruited or deployed teachers. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
TSC | ||||||||||||
58 | Recruit and/or deploy support staff where necessary. | Number of needs based recruited or de- ployed support staff. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
59 | Appoint and/or deploy JSS ad- ministrators. | Number deployed support JSS administrators | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
TSC | ||||||||||||
60 | Develop JSS Strategic Plans | Number of JSSs with functional Strategic Plans. | Dec, 2024 | JSS leadership and
BoMs. |
||||||||||||
61 | Review Basic Education Act (2013) | Revised and published Basic Education Act | July, 2023-
June, 2024 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
62 | Review Basic Education Regula- tions (2015). | Revised and published Basic Education Regulations. | July, 2023-
June, 2024 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
63 | Review TSC Act(2012). | Revised and published TSC Act. | July, 2023-
June, 2024 |
TSC | ||||||||||||
64 | Review Teacher Recruitment Policy. | Published Teacher Recruit- ment Policy. | July, 2023- June,2024 | TSC | ||||||||||||
65 | Review Safety Standards Manual for Schools. | Revised and published Safety Standards Manual for Schools. | July-Dec, 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
66 | Review the NEQASF(2021) | Revised and published NEQASF | July, 2023-
June, 2024 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
67 | Review the Safety Standards Manual for Schools (2008) | Revised and published Safety Standards Manual for Schools (2008). | July,2 023-
June,2 024 |
MoE |
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF JSE
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERFOMANCE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
68 | Conduct registration of JSSs | Number of JSS registered. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE | ||||||||||||
69 | Develop, validate and dis- seminate IBQA Guidelines. | Published and disseminated IBQA Guidelines. | Jan-June, 2023 | MoE | ||||||||||||
70 | Capacity build JSS leadership and managers on IBQA. | Number of JSS leadership and managers trained on IBQA | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE | ||||||||||||
71 | Operationalize IBQA in JSS. | Report showing status of IBQA in JSSs | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
DQAS, TSC, KICD
& KNEC |
||||||||||||
72 | Establish and ope rationalize subject panels in the JSSs. | Number of JSS subject panels established and op- erationalized. | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE and TSC | ||||||||||||
73 | School self-assessment by JSS leadership, and reporting on the quality of education. | A report on number of schools that have con- ducted- self assessment and reported
on the Quality Index. |
April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
Leadership of JSSs and MoE | ||||||||||||
74 | Cluster JSSs to promote Com- munities of Practice and shar- ing of best practice. | Number of JSS clusters and Communities of Practice established. | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) | ||||||||||||
75 | Undertake standards assess- ment of JSS to inform the education quality. | A report on number of standards assessments conducted to in form JSS quality. | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) |
76 | Conduct classroom observa- tion of teaching and learning; and on-site teachers’ support. | (a) Number of class- room observations conducted
(b) Number of teachers supported. |
April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERFOMANCE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
77 | Operationalize mentoring, coaching and hand- hold- ing of JSSs with low Qual- ity Index or continuous improvement. | Number of JSSs men- tored and coached for continuous improve- ment. | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) | ||||||||||||
78 | Undertake action research for continuous improve- ment of Junior Secondary Education. | Number of action re- search
reports indicating inter- ventions for improvement. |
April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) | ||||||||||||
79 | Monitor and report JSSs quarterly,uncomplainingly set standards. | Number of quarterly reports on ad- herence to set standards. | April, 2023-
Dec, 2025. |
MoE(DQAS) | ||||||||||||
80 | Prepare and disseminate a Report on the National Quality Index of JSSs, to inform policy decisions and interventions. | Report on National Qual- ity Index prepared and disseminated. | Dec, 2023,
24 and 25 |
MoE(DQAS) | ||||||||||||
RESEARCH, MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING. | ||||||||||||||||
81 | Undertake research to identify gaps to inform policy decisions and JSS implementation. | Research reports identi- fying gaps and suitable interventions to inform decision making in JSS | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2026 |
MoE, KICD, KNEC,
TSC, CEMASTEA, KISE, KEMI, rel- evant MDCAs and stakeholders |
||||||||||||
82 | Conduct bi-annual field visits and regional coordi- nation meetings to estab- lish the JSS implementa- tion progress. | Report on the bi-annual field visits by multi- agen- cy teams to establish JSS implementation progress. | MoE | |||||||||||||
83 | Conduct annual national
monitoring of JSS implementation. |
Report of annual National M&E of JSS. | Sept, 2023,
2024 and 2026. |
MoE |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEY PERFOMANCE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
84 | Conduct Education Qual- ity dialogues at various administrative levels on the status of JSS imple- mentation. | Reports oft he dialogue forums conducted on JSS. | Feb, 2024, 2025
and 2026. |
MoE | ||||||||||||
COMMUNICATION AND ADVOCACY | ||||||||||||||||
85 | Develop and operational- ism Communication Strat- egy on the broad aspects of the CBC. | Published CBC Communica- tion Strategy. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
86 | Develop and disseminate IEC materials and content on JSS. | Number and varieties of IEC- materials produced and distrib- uted. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
87 | Sensitize media prac- titioners and commu- nication officers on JSS implementation arrange- ments. | Reports of the sensitization of media practitioners
and communication officers. |
Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
88 | Upgrade the MoE website and manage social media platforms within formation on JSS. | Active MoE website that con- sistently reports on JSS imple- mentation. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
89 | Conduct proactive media and communication activities and events, to publicise JSS. | Press statements, briefings, commentaries, TV shows,radio talk shows and articles. | Jan, 2023-
Dec, 2025 |
MoE | ||||||||||||
FINANCING OF JSS | ||||||||||||||||
90 | Develop annual budgets in- dicating sources of revenue and expenditure | Annual budget | Jan to June, 2023, 2024
and 2025 |
BoM, Principal, SCDE | ||||||||||||
91 | Initiate resource mobiliza- tion strategies | Capitation/infrastructure grants/receipts/bank accounts. | On-going | MoE/BoM |
S/N | ACTIVITIES | KEYPERFOMANCE
INDICATORS |
TIMELINES | FY22/23 | FY23/24 | FY24/25 | FY25/26 | ACTORS | ||||||||
Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||
92 | Develop mecha- nisms for prudent utilization of re- sources | Procurement plans, procure- ment of goods and services, payment to employees and sup- pliers, curriculum delivery | On-going | Principal, BoM, Staff | ||||||||||||
93 | Stores management | Store records | On-going | Principal, Staff | ||||||||||||
94 | Recording and updating books of accounts | Updated Cash books, general ledger, fee registers and suppli- ers register,monthly reports | On-going | Bursar | ||||||||||||
95 | Prepare Quarterly financial reports | Quarterly financial reports | On-going | Bursar/accounts clerk | ||||||||||||
96 | Conduct internal and external audit review | Internal and external Audit reports | On-going | DSAS/OAG | ||||||||||||
97 | Implement Infra- structure projects | Constructed & equipped class- rooms, ablution blocks and labo- ratories, | Dec 2024 | Principal SIC, BOM and public works | ||||||||||||
98 | Prepare annual finan- cial reporting | Annual financial statements and reports | July,2023-2024 & 2025 | Bursar, BOM, Principa- land staff |