Free Agriculture Notes, Exams amd other revision resources
b) Name two types of records a coffee farmer should keep.
Labour records
Production records
Marketing records
Field operation records
Inventory records.
Name the type of farm record from which each of the following information could be obtained
i) Common livestock diseases occurring on a given farm
Health records
ii) Best fertilizer to use top dressing
Field operation records
iii) The number of Jembes a farm owns
Inventory
iv) The sire used to obtain the calves on the farm
Breeding records
What is the importance of taking a farm inventory?
In order to show what there is and what is not there in the farm / assist in detecting stolen items
What are the uses of farm records to a farmer?
Show the farmers assets and liabilities which help the farmer to know his net worth
Provide history of the farm.
Assist in planning and budgeting of various activities.
Helps to detect losses or theft in the farm.
Assists when sharing losses or profits (dividends / bonuses) for communal owned farms/ partnership.
Help in settling disputes between heirs where there is no written will during succession
Help to support insurance claim e.g. against fire and theft.
Provide labour information like terminal benefits, NSSF due, Sacco dues for all employees.
Help to compare the performance of different enterprises within a farm or other farms or between seasons
Help in the assessment of income tax to avoid over or under taxation.
Records, helps to show whether the farm business is making profit or losses. This information
Used to obtain loan or credit facilities
Identify the farm record below and the questions that follow:
Date
Disease symptoms
Animals affected
Drug used
Cost of treatment
Remarks
(a)Identity of the record
Health record
(b) State two different information that should be entered in the remarks column
Next date of treatment /vaccination
Occurrence of the disease
Response to treatment
(c) Give two importance of keeping the farm record illustrated above
Select and cull animals on health ground
Know the course of action to be taken in the event of a disease and maintenance of good health
Know the prevalent disease
Calculate cost of treatment
Study the illustration below of farm records:- Use it to answer the questions that follow:
Enterprise —- Month——
Name of cow
DAYS IN MONTH
1
2
3
4
5
6
AM
PM
AM
PM
AM
PM
AM
PM
AM
PM
AM
PM
(a) Name the type of the farm record illustrated above
Milk production record
b) Give three reasons for keeping health records in a livestock production
Determine prevalent diseases;
Establish treatment of diseases;
Establish disease control method;
Determine cost of medication/health care;
Determine the health status of different animals;
(c) Give three pieces of information a dairy farm manager should collect for planning purposes
Price trends/market situation
Production techniques
Labour trends
Breeds of dairy cattle
Production constraints/risks and certainties
List down four pieces of information recorded in a field operation record.
Field
Area of the land /plot.
Plot field no.
Season
Crop planted
Crop grown/ variety
Land preparation / Ploughing date
Planting date
Inputs used.
Type of fertilizer at planting
Type of fertilizer at top dressing
Seed rate used
Type of weed and date of weed control
Diseases controlled/ method
Type of pest and date of pest control
Date of harvesting
Yield
Remarks
a) Give two importance of keeping health records.
Help in culling sickly animals (reject culling sick animals)
Help in selection of animals for breeding
Help in calculation of veterinary/ treatment cost
Assist the farmer in knowing the prevalent diseases
b) List four important entries in a health record.
Disease ( type, name)
Symptom (s)
Drug used and the doctor, treating the animal
Cost of treatment
Remarks on response to treatment
Animals identity affected
Explain the following economic concepts:
(i) Scarcity
Resource are limited in relation to the demand/where production resources are limited in relative to demand therefore a choice has to be made on which enterprises to allocate limited resources.
(ii) Preference
One makes a choice according to his/her tastes/liking.
(iii) Opportunity cost
The returns from the best alternative forgone.
Under what conditions is opportunity cost zero?
When the item is free.
When the item is in plenty/ unlimited
W hen there is no alternative
Define the term Economics.
Economics is the study of how man and society choose with or without the use of money to employ scarce productive resources which could have alternative uses to produce various commodities and services overtime and distribute them for consumption now and in future among various people and groups in society or
Applied science carried at maximizing output at minimum costs through combining the limited supplies of land, capital, labour and management to produce goods and services for use in a given period of time
What is opportunity cost in agricultural economics?
Is the value of best alternative foregone
b) A farmer has a piece of land on which he can produce maize and barley. The yield and selling prices of the crops are as shown below.
Enterprise
Yield ( 90kgs bags)
Selling price ( KShs/90kg bag)
Maize
2500
800
Barley
2000
1500
The farmer decides to produce maize. Assuming the cost of producing any of the crops is the same.
(i) Calculate the farmer’s opportunity cost. Show your working.
Barley = 2000×1500
= 3,000,000
(ii) Which crop should the farmer grow?
Maize – 2500×800 = 2, 000,000
Barley- 2000×1500 = 3, 000,000
Farmers should grow barley
(iii) Give one circumstance under which opportunity cost may not arise.
When there is no choice/alternative
When resources are not limited /resources are free
State two types of Labour records.
Labour utilization analysis.
Muster roll
Give the reasons for keeping health records on the farm.
Help in culling sickly animals.
Help in selection of animals for breeding.
Help in calculation of veterinary costs.
Assist the farmer in knowing the prevalent diseases.
A farmer has a piece of land on which he can produce wheat, maize, and barley.
The yields and selling prices of the three crops as shown below:
Crop
Yield 90 kg bag
Selling price Kshs. Per bag
Tea
2000
750
Coffee
1400
900
Pyrethrum
1500
1200
The farmer decides to produce pyrethrum. Assuming the cost of producing any of the crops is the same.
Calculate the farmer’s opportunity cost. Show your working
Tea 2000 bags x 750 = 1,500,000
Coffee 1400 bags x 900 = 1,260,000
Pyrethrum 1500bags x 1200 = 1,800,000
Opportunity cost = KShs. 1,500,000
Give reasons for your answer in (i) above
Tea is the returns from the next best alternative forgone.
Study the farm record below and answer the questions that follow.
Date
Disease symptoms
Animal affected
Drug used
Cost of treatment
Remarks
(a) Identify the farm record shown.
Livestock health record.
(b) State three different information that should be entered in the remarks column.
Death of animal.
Net treatment date.
Frequency of disease.
Effect of treatment.
Name four important entries in a muster roll.
– Name of the worker
– Pay roll number
– Days worked
– Rate of payment
– Amount of salary or wage
– Signature of the worker.
The table below is extracted from the farmer’s books. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Name of person
Personal number
Days
Days worked
Rate
Total
1
2
3
….
Identify the type of record represented by the table.
Muster roll
Give one importance of the record above.
Determine the total cost of the labour
Determine the amount of money each worker is to be paid
Determine the members of the labour force to be retrenched or promoted on basis of work output
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