Name four classifications of pesticides according to the target pest (2marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Give four ways in which inorganic fertilizer can be classified (2mks)
Which soil sample would be suitable for growing paddy rice? (1mk)
…………………………………..………………………………………………………
Give a reason for your answer in (c) above (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
The following is a list of nutrients: copper, calcium, nitrogen, molybdenum, zinc, phosphorus, carbon, Sulphur, iron and magnesium. Which of the above nutrients are;
Macro – nutrients (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Micro – nutrient (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Fertilizer elements (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Liming elements (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Primary macro nutrients (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions
a) Name examples of crops damaged by crop pests above (2mks)
Ways in which land reforms can be implemented in Kenya. (2mks)
Land consolidation.
Land adjudication and registration/issue of title deeds
Improve land legislation
Tenancy reforms
Land settlement and resettlement
½ x 4 = 2mks
Factors that determine the stage at which a crop is harvested. (2mks)
Market price/market demand
Weather conditions
Purpose/intended use
Taste and preference/form required
Concentration of required chemical/colour/maturity
½ x 4 = 2mks
Be
Beneficial effects of weeds to a farmer. (2mks)
Some are edible to man
Some have medicinal value
Control soil erosion
Some provide food to livestock
Releases humus after decomposition
½ x 4 = 2mks
Advantages of practicing crop rotation. (2mks)
Maximum use of nutrients
Control buildup of pests and diseases
Control weeds
Improve soil fertility when legumesare included
Control soil erosion when cover crops are included
Improves soil structure if grass lay is included
½ x 4 = 2mks (reject if underlined word is missing)
Four classes of pesticides according to target pest. (2mks)
insecticides
rodenticides
nematocides
fungicides
½ x 4 = 2mks
Ways in which synthetic fertilizer can be classified
Nutrients contained
Mode of application
Time of application
Effect on soil ph.
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17 a) identify the practice
Staking
b) Tomatoes
Garden peas
Some varieties of beans
c) Reasons why practice is carried out
Production of clean fruits
Facilitate spraying and harvesting of the crops
Prevent infestation by soil borne pest
Controlincidence of disease outbreak
The diagram below illustrate investigation on a property of soil using soil samples labeled J, K and L.
Name the property of soil being investigated (1mk)
Soil capillarity 1 x 1 = 1mk
What is the relationship between the soil property above and the size of soil particles? (1mk)
The smaller the size of the particles the greater the force of capillarity.
1 x 1 = 1mk
Which soil sample would be suitable for growing paddy rice? (1mk)
L 1 x 1 = 1mk
Give a reason for your answer in (c) above (1mk)
Has the highest capillarity/has the highest water holding capacity.
1 x 1 = 1mk
The following is a list of nutrients: copper, calcium, nitrogen, molybdenum, zinc, phosphorus, carbon, Sulphur, iron and magnesium. Which of the above nutrients are;
Macro – nutrients (1mk)
Calcium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, Sulphur and Magnesium
(Award 1 mark of all the five macro – nutrients are present. Penalize fully if any of the macro – nutrients is missing.
Micro – nutrient (1mk)
Copper, molybdenum, Zinc and Iron
(Award 1 mark of all the four micro – nutrient are there)
Fertilizer elements (1mk)
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
(Award 1 mark if the two are present)
Liming elements (1mk)
Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur.
(Award 1 mark if the three are present
Primary macro nutrients (1mk)
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
(Award 1 mark if the two nutrients are presents
20.
a) maize
sorghum
millet
wheat
b) mice
moles
rats
squirrel
hedgehogs
SECTION C
Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question.
21.
Functions of a live fence in a farm. (5mks)
Act as windbreak
Some are used as a fodder for the livestock e.g.tick berry
Some may provide edible fruits e.g. Kei apple
Have aesthetic value
Provide security
Mark the boundary when planted on a border lines
1 x 5 = 5mks
Discuss sorghum production under the following (10mks)
a) Ecological requirement
Rainfall requirement is 420mm-630mm per annum thus grows well at attitude below 1500m above sea level
Requires fairly fertile and well-drained soil
b) Varieties
Dobbs
Serena
c) Pests and their control
Sorghum shoot fly-early planting, closedseason, use of appropriate insecticide
Birds—use of flame throwers, use of scarecrow
Stem borers-use of appropriate insecticide, proper disposal of crop remains after harvesting
d)harvesting
Takes three months. Heads are cut using sharp knife, sun dried, threshed, winnowed and stored.
c) State five physical method of pest control (5mks)
Proper drying of produce
Flooding
suffocation
physical destruction of pest e.g. hand picking and killing of pest
use of scarecrow
use of lethal temperature
use of electromagnetic radiation
1 x 5 = 5mks
22
Factors that should be considered when siting farm structures (10mks)
Size of the farm.
Government policy – this ensures that laws are followed.
Direction of prevailing winds
Farmers taste and preference
Relationship between the structures
Proximity of amenities e.g electricity
2 x 5 = 10mks
Explain the different ways in which each of the following environmental factors influence crop production.
Wind (5mks)
Strong wind increases the rate of evaporation/evapotranspiration/wilting
Help in pollination of crops
Strong winds have a cooling effect which influences rate of physiological processes
Strong winds may cause lodging/destruction of certain crops.
Wind can spread diseases/pests
Used in winnowing/cleaning grains
1 x 5 = 5mks
Temperature (5mks)
It affects quality of certain crops eg. pineapple
Causes increase in incidences of pests/diseases.
Low temperature causes frost injury
Influences distribution of crops
High temperature increases rate of evapotranspiration hence wilting
Influences the rate of physiological processes in crop.
1 x 5 = 5mks
23.
State six roles of trees in soil and water conservation (6mks)
Protect soil below from raindrop erosion
Provide shade and reduce loss of moisture through evaporation
Acts as windbreaks
The roots of trees bind soil particles together
Reduces spread of running water thus reducing its erosive power
The leaves decay to supply humus which improves soil structure
1×6 =6mks
State six benefits of land consolidation (6mks)
Proper supervision of land
Economic use of time and saving on transport cost
Agricultural advice by extension officers is possible
Sound farming planning
Soil conservation and land improvement
Construction of permanent structures is possible
Weed,pest ,disease control is enhanced
.
1 x 6 = 6mks
Cultural methods of controlling soil erosion (8mks)
Contour farming – cultivation and planting done across the slope hence in holding water thereby increasing infiltration and reducing run off.
Mulching covers the soil thereby reducing splash erosion/reduce the speed of run off.
Strip cropping – alternating strips of crops that give good soil cover with those that give little soil cover controls movement of soil particles hence control soil erosion.
Vegetated water ways – this slows down run off/trap eroded soil particles thereby preventing soil erosion.
Afforestation/re-afforestation – trees protect soil from splash erosion by atomizing rain drop/encourage water infiltration/protect soil from wind which could detach and remove soil particles.
Intercropping – crops which do not cover soil and crops that have good ground cover should be planted together to prevent splash erosion/surface run off.
Minimum tillage –this maintains good soil structure.
Cover cropping – this spread over the surface of soil hence protect soil from effects of raindrops.
Crop rotation – maintains soil cover for protection against soil erosion/improved soil structure.
Correct spacing – this ensures adequate soil cover.
Grass strips/filter strips – they are left between cultivated/cropped strips of land to reduce speed of water and filter out trodden soil.
Agroforestry – this intercepts raindrops/stabilizes soil acts as wind breaks.
Rotational grazing – this allows grass to recover thus prevent soil erosion.
A parasite is an organism that benefits from another organism in terms of nutrition.
General factors that influence agriculture (1 1/2mks)
Biotic factors
Human factors
Climatic factors
Edaphic or Soil
Mark the first three correct answers (3 x ½ = ½ mks)
State four signs of ill-health in livestock. (2mks)
Abnormal behavior
Abnormal posture
Alimentary canal disfunction
Abnormal skin e staring coat
(any correct first four points 4 x 1/2mks)
Differences between Wessex and Essex pig breed (2mks)
Wessex is black in colour, with white shoulders and only the front legs white while Essex is black in colour with a white shoulder and front and hind legs white.
(mark as whole, ie, rej if one is wrong (1 mk)
What is a disease predisposing factor. (1mk)
These are conditions inside or outside the body of an animal which lead to an animal to contract a disease or an injury.
Give five advantages of artificial insemination. (2 ½ mks)
Semen of one superior bull can be used to serve many cows .
It helps to control breeding diseases.
It helps to prevent large bulls from injuring small cows.
It helps to reduce expenses of keeping a bull on pastures.
Semen can be stored for a long time even after a bull is dead.
It helps to control breeding and in breeding
It helps to eliminate dangerous bulls from the farm.
It is useful tool in research
(any correct first five points (5 x ½ = 2 ½ mks)
Differentiate between line breeding and upgrading. (1mk)
Is the mating of distantly related animals that share a common ancestor while upgrading is a type of crossing where the female of low grade stock is mated with a pure breed sire.
Give four routes of administering vaccines in farm animals. (2mks)
By injections
Orally through the mouth
By inhalation through the nose
Through the cloaca.
(4 x ½ = 2mks)
Give four functions of a rumen in a ruminant animal. (2mks)
Fermentation of food
Synthesis of amino acids
Breakdown of proteins into peptides amino acids and ammonia
Break down of carbohydrates and cellulose into butyric acid acetic, propionic and formic acids.
Any correct first four points (4 x ½ = 2mks)
State four advantages of Kenya top bar hive. (2mks)
It has a longer stocking rate .
It’s easy to control parasites and diseases.
It helps to get clean honey because broad and honey combs are separated by queen excluded.
Any correct four point ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
State four important reasons for feeding livestock with roughages. (2mks)
It aids in digestion of food
It has high fibre content
High carbohydrates contents
Brings about satisfaction.
( any correct four points (4 x ½ =2mks)
State four ways of identifying farm animals. (2mks)
Tattoos
Ear notching
Neak tags
Branding
(any correct four points (4 x ½ =2mks
Give two examples of feed additives in feeding livestock. (2mks)
Vitamins
Medicants, accept coccidiosis
Hormones
(Any correct two points 2 x 1 = 2mks)
Name two species of camel. (1mk)
Dromedary
Bacteria
(2×1= 2mks)
State four advantages of castrating male animals . (2mks)
To control breeding
To control breeding diseases
It help to control in breeding
For faster growth rate
To increase the quality of the meat.
(any correct four points 4 x ½ = 2mks)
Give four ways of maintaining a fish pond. (2mks)
By repairing the dykes
Cleaning the pond
Planting grass where necessary
By removing undesirable vegetation
By removing the silt.
Any correct four point 4 x ½ =2mks)
State four functions of water in an animals body. (2mks)
.- it is a component of body cell and many body fluids
It is responsible for transportation of nutrients from one part of the body to another.
It makes the cells turgid
It helps to regulate body temperature
It helps in excreting of metabolic waste products
It forms part of animal products e.g milk, eggs.
Any four correct points 4 x ½ = 2mks)
State four reasons for swarming in a bee colony. (2mks)
Lack of water and flowers
Infertile even
Over population in the hive
Noise and bad smell
Presence of pest and diseases
SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer all the questions in the species provided
The following diagram represents a poultry’s reproductive system.
Study it carefully and answer the questions that follows.
Name the parts labeled ; (2mks)
E-ovary
H-uterus (accept shell gland
Give the functions of parts marked. (2mks)
F-it’s where fertilization of the ovum takes place
G-albumen is added
How many hours does it take for an egg to be formed. (1mk)
24 hrs.
The diagram below represents an internal parasite in livestock. Study it carefully and answer the following questions
Identify the parasite. (1mk)
.Tape worm ( accept Taeniasagnata
Name the parts marked. (2mks)
T-suckers
V-segment ( accept progloltid
Give two control measures of the parasite. (2mks)
Deworming with any suitable dewormer.
Keeping animal houses clean
By practicing rotational grazing
By keeping water tough and feeding toughs clean
Proper disposal of human wastes
Meat inspection
Proper cooking of meat
Any two correct points 2 x ½ =1mk)
the practice. (1mk)
sheep shearing
accept. shearing
Name the tool that is used when carrying out the practice . (1mk)
Woolshears
State three precautions taken when carrying out the practice. (3mks)
Avoid shearing during the cold weather
Shear on a clean floor , free from grease and any type of oil.
Take care not to cut the skin, testicles, udder, vulva or penis.
Avoid shearing very young lambs
Any three correct points 3 x 1=3mks)
A poultry farmer wants to prepare 600kg of chick mash containing 20% DCP using maize 10% DCP and fish meal 40% DCP.
Using the Pearson’s square method, calculate the amounts of maize meal and fish meal that he will require. (5mks)
maize 10% DCP 20 parts of maize
Fish meal 40% DCP 10 parts of fish meal
Amount of maize
Amount of fish meal
Total = 600kg
(distribute the marks appropriately)
SECTION C (40MARKS)
This section consists of 3 questions. Answer only two question
(a) State five signs of heat in a dairy cow. (5mks)
– restlessness
– Mounting others and standing still when mounted.
-there is a slight rise in body temperature
– there a slight drop of milk yields
– vulva swells and becomes reddish in colour
– there is a clear of slimy mucus discharge from the vulva
– the cow bellows or moves frequently.
(any correct five points 5 x 1=5mks)
(b) State five advantages of cattle dip as compared to the spray race. (5mks)
Animals are completely immersed in the dip wash
It is a suitable for large herds of cattle
It has low operational costs
It doesn’t require skilled labour.
It does not waste acaricides.
It can dip many animals at a time.
Any correct five points. 5 x 1 = 5mks)
(c) Give five reasons for maintaining livestock healthy. (5mks)
They give higher incomedue to low treatment costs
They have a productive life span that us large
High production
Multiply regularly
Give high quality products
Its safe to consume their products
(d) State five factors affecting the digestibility of food eaten by livestock. (5mks)
Chemical composition of food
Form in which feed is offered to the animal
Species of energy to protein in feed.
The quantity of feed already in the digestive system of the animal.
(any correct five points 5 x 1=5mks)
(a) Describe the body conformation features of a dairy heifer. (8mks)
Their bodies are wedge or triangular in shape
They have a straight topline
They have a well set apart hind quarters to allow room for their big udder.
They have a large and well developed udder with large teaty that are well shaped.
They have a prominent milk vein
They have lean bodies which carry little flesh
They have a large stomach capacity that enables them to feed heavily for milk production.
They are docile with mild temperament.
(any correct five points 5 x 1=5points)
.(b) Describe coccidiosis under the following sub-headings.
causal agent. (1mk)
Protozoa known as coccidian of the Eimeriaspecies ( accept Coccidia spp
. II. Symptoms. (6mks)
Diarrhea
Dysentery or blood in the dung
The birds have ruffled feathers
Dullness
Anorexia
Dropping wings
Sudden death may occur.
(6 x 1 = 6mks)
III. Control and treatment. (5mks)
Giving birds coccidiostats mixed in either feeds or water for drinking
Isolating the sick
Avoiding wet and filthy environment
Avoiding overcrowding
Avoid mixing animals.
(5×1 =5mks)
(a) Describe bee keeping under the following sub headings procedure of;
Feeding bees. (4mks)
Feed bees with sugar made into syrup with water at ratio of 1:1
Place the jar about 10 metre from the hive
Clean the container regularly to avoid fermentation.
(2 x 1 = 2mks)
Factors to consider when siting an Apiary
Availability of water
Availability of flowers
Sheltered place
Away from noise and bad smell
Away from human beings and livestock
5×1=mks)
Procedure of processing honey using the heat method. (6mks)
Heat some water in a surface
Put honey combs in an enamel basin or any other container which is not made of iron
Put the container with honey combs on the boiling water.
Heat until most of the honey melts
Separate the melted honey from the combs by straining through any suitable strainers
Keep honey in a container to cool down
Remove the wax layer that may form on the surface of the honey.
(6 x 1 =6mks)
Importance of keeping bees. (5mks)
Production of honey
Honey and the bees wax are sold to earn income
They require little capital and land to keep
They are good pollinators for many crops
Production of bee wax that is used for many purposes.
(5 x 1 = 5mks)
By Editorial Team
The Education News Hub Editorial Team is made up of vibrant and experienced editors. Brian Yano is an accomplished longtime Digital Media Journalist at Educationnewshub.co.ke with a great passion for research and fact-checking. He delivers engaging content across diverse topics, with a special interest in Education matters. On her part, Yvonne Kemunto is a journalist, dedicated to unraveling stories that matter. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for storytelling, she brings a fresh perspective to the world of media. Her commitment to detail and excellence shines through in every piece she crafts. Our newest member of the Editorial Team is Jennifer Mumbo. She is a Seasoned Multimedia Journalist with several years' experience; dating back to 2018. Jennifer has a passion for education, sports, tech, politics and entertainment. You can reach the editors at educationnewshub3@gmail.com.
