State two limitations of Anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (2 mks)
Give the main reason why the Nilotic speakers are classified into three groups? (1 mk)
Give one political role of NjuriNcheke among the Ameru in pre-colonial Kenya? (1mk)
Which of the pithecines or hominids was also known as proconsul man? (1 mk)
State one theory that explains the development of crop growing and animal rearing? (1 mk)
Name the family that ruled island of Lamu in the 19th century (1mk)
What are the advantages of using metal over stone as a material for making tools? (2 mks)
Give the meaning of the term citizenship? (1 mk)
State two economic factors that limit national unity? (2 mks)
Identify two characteristics of a good constitution? (2 mks)
Identify the historical period when oral tradition was the main source of information? (1 mk)
Give two ways through which the early man obtained food? (2 mks)
What was the main contribution of Alexander Graham Bell in the field of communication? (1mk)
Identify two reasons why early urban centres in Ancient Egypt developed in the Nile valley. (2 mks)
Give two strategic factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa? (2 mks)
List two independent schools during colonial period? (2 mks)
SECTION B
(a) State any three factors that can lead to revocation of citizenship? (3 mks)
(b) Describe the factors that have undermined government efforts to promote national unity? (12 mks)
(a) Identify three uses of bronze in the ancient kingdom of Benin? (3 mks)
(b) Explain six factors that led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after 1860s? (12 mks)
(a) What led to the outbreak of the Chimurenga war? (5 mks)
(b) Explain five factors that enabled Samori to resist the whites for long? (10 mks)
(a) Give three main features of Barter trade? (3 mks)
(b) Explain six factors that led to the development of Trans-Atlantic trade? (12 mks)
SECTION C
Answer any two questions from this section.
(a) Mention five demerits of democracy? (5 mks)
(b) Explain five functions of Kenyan constitution (10 mks)
(a) State five measures taken by the colonial government to ensure that Africans provided labour in the settler farms? (5 mks)
(b) Explain five consequences of colonial land polices in Kenya? (10 mks)
(a) State three reasons why it took long for Mozambique to achieve independence from Portugal? (3 mks)
(b) Explain six challenges faced by FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique? (12 mks)
END TERM EXAMS
FORM THREE HISTORY
MARKING SCHEME.
SECTION A: (25 MKS)
Give one aspect of History. (1 mk)
Economic aspect
Political aspect
Social aspect
State two limitations of Anthropology as a source of information on history and government. (2 mks)
Expensive – the historian has to live among the community.
The researcher may get carried away and interfere with the study
It is time consuming
People may behave differently in the presence of a researcher leading to distorted information. Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
Give the main reason why the Nilotic speakers are classified into three groups? (1 mk)
The areas in which they settled. (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
Give one political role of Njuri Ncheke among the Ameru in pre-colonial Kenya? (1 mk)
Disciplining errant warriors
Making laws.
Which of the pithecines of hominids was also known as proconsul man? (1 mk)
Dry opithecus africanus (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
State one theory that explains the development of crop growing and animal rearing? (1 mk)
One are theory / It developed among a single group of people and spread to the rest of the world/ diffusion theory.
Independent theory/developed independently and spread independently in different areas. (1×1=1mk)
Name the family that ruled island of Lamu in the 19th century
Nabahan family (1×1=1mk)
What are the advantages of using metal over stone as a material for making tools? (2 mks)
Metal tools do not break easily.
Metals can be smelted and be rensed.
Metals cutting edge can be sharpened
Molten metal’s can be cast into various shapes with patters and designs on them. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)
Give the meaning of the term citizenship? (1 mk)
Legal right of belonging to a state. (1 x 1)
State two economic factors that limit national unity? (2 mks)
Corruption
Poverty
Unfair distribution of resources.
(Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
Identify two characteristics of a good constitution? (2 mks)
Clarity
Flexibility
Amendment shoulder be spelt out
Comprehensiveness
Availing the bill of rights.
(Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
Identify the historical period when oral tradition was the main source of information?
Pre-history
Give two ways through which the early man obtained food?
Hunting
Gathering
Fishing
Growing crops
Livestock keeping (any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
What was the main contribution of Alexander Graham Bell in the field of communication?
He invented the telephone (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
Identify two reasons why early urban centres in Ancient Egypt developed in the Nile valley. (2 mks)
Availability of water
Availability of food as a result of agriculture
Availability of a means of transport from the river Nile. ( any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
Give two strategic factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa? (2 mks)
Egyptian question
French activities in congo and West Africa
The activities of King Leopold (II) of Belgium. ((any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
List two independent schools during colonial period? (2 mks)
Kikuyu independent school association (KISA)
Kikuyu karing’a education association. (KKEA)
(2 x1) = 2 mks)
SECTION B
(a) State any three factors that can lead to revocation of citizenship? (3 mks)
If prove that registration was acquired fraudulently.
If one gives secret information about Kenya especially during war.
If one is sentenced during war
If one is sentenced to a period of 3 years of more within five years from the time of registration
If one is convicted of treason or any other offense within 7 years of registration.
(Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
(b) Describe the factors that have undermined government efforts to promote national unity? (12 mks)
Ethnicity
Political differences
Religious differences
Corrupt practices
Economic disparities
International propa gauda against the country
Poorly developed transport facilitated which hinder interactions between people.
Formation of tribal association and militia groups.
(a) Identify three uses of bronze in the ancient kingdom of Benin? (3 mks)
Making weapons e.g. shields, spears, arrowheads, swords, daggers.
Making sculptures and decorations egg masks, statues, armaments
Making utensils e.g knives, pens
Store of wealth in Benin.
Making shields, tools and chariots. (Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
(b) Explain six factors that led to the emergence of Japan as an industrial power after 1860s? (12 mks)
(i) Hardworking and enterprising citizens.
(ii) Long period of political stability especially after the 2nd World War.
High quality goods that have a wide market in Africa , USA and Europe.
A highly developed renewable hydro-electric power
Availability of skilled and unskilled labour.
Existing industrial base was not fully destroyed during the world War (II) and destroyed during the world war (II) and that formed an industrial base in the psot war
She had a small percentage of suitable agricultural land and so industrialization the only alternative to improve her economy.
An open investment policy which encouraged the west to invest.
(any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
(a) What led to the outbreak of the Chimurenga war? (5 mks)
British took Ndebele animals
British took Shona’s and recruited the Ndebele
Overtaxing them
Forced labour on the Ndebele
Dismissing their traditional authority
Destroyed their regiments. (any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(b) Explain five factors that enabled Samori to resist the whites for long? (10 mks)
Had a strong army
He was a trained solder
Had fought Jihand wars.
Unity using islam
Wealth from his bure mines
Had gunsmiths who made guns
The scorched earth policy. (any 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
(a) Give three main features of Barter trade? (3 mks)
Double coincidence of goods/wants
Direct swooping of goods
No specific medium of exchange
No specific medium of exchange
Trade was conducted on mutual understanding
Lack of a common language/silent trade (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
(b) Explain six factors that led to the development of Trans-Atlantic trade? (12 mks)
European nations had trade links with west Africa earlier before the trans-atlantic trade.
Introduction of firearms in West Africa made it easier to raid for slaves.
Increased demand for slaves to work in plantations and mines
Increased supply of slaves
African chiefs had developed a taste for European goods
Increased demand for raw materials by European industries.
Improved ship-building technology led to building of large ships with a greater capacity for slaves.
The trade has very profitable to the merchants which encouraged them to re-invest
(any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
SECTION C. (30 MARKS)
(a) Mention five demerits of democracy?
It promotes dictatorship of the majority over the minority
It promotes class struggle
It encourages corruption eg. Vote buying
It is slow and wasteful.
It is a rule by the elected minority mainly the rich in Kenya who exercise power on the poor (ignorant masses)
Those elected lack Moral values e.g. use money to keep their positions
Sometimes incompetent leaders gain power due to poor decision by the ignorant people. (any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(b) Explain five functions of Kenyan constitution
Serves as a national document and provides guidelines to other national documents e.g the Kenyan gazette.
Provides the rights and freedom of citizens
Establishment of Justice (laws) which are fair to all and carried without fair to all and carried without fear or labour.
Gives citizens a fair chance of choosing their leaders.
Protects minority groups from unfair treatments by majority.
Guides on the conduct of individual
It sets up the government, tells about its structure
Contains a set of rules used to govern the country
States powers and duties of various branches of government
g. legislature, executive.
(Any 5 x 2 = 2 mks)
(a) State five measures taken by the colonial government to ensure that Africans provided labour in the settler farms?
Taxation introduced
Enacting laws that forced African to work
Low wages to keep them working throughout
Forced recruitment
Creation of reserves
Introduction of the kipande system
Introduction of squatter system – for them to stay in land that they provided labour
Forbidden from growing cash-crops
(any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(b) Explain five consequences of colonial land polices in Kenya? (10 mks)
Loss of land by the Africans
Brought to end of widespread migrations and settlements by the Africans
Africans settled in the reserves
Brought suffering, poverty and misery among Africans because reserves were congested
Interfered with African economic activity
Introduction of individual private land ownership
Condemned Africans to forced labour. (any 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
(a) State three reasons why it took long for Mozambique to achieve independence from Portugal?
Portugal was a poor country and was reluctant to part with the economic wealth of Mozambique.
Portugal was ruled by kings who had not regard for human rights
Portugal regarded Mozambique as one of her provinces and not a colony
Portugal had succeeded in suppressing revolts by Africans before nationalism took root in Mozambique.
Lack of unity among the Africans
Illiteracy among the Africans in Mozambique. (any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
(b) Explain six challenges faced by FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique? (12 mks)
The west European countries did not support them.
The catholic church viewed it negatively as a terrorist organization which made Africans catholics reluctant to support it.
Assassination of Eduardo on third February 1969 was a set back to the struggle.
Severe food shortage, clothes, medicine when the war started. The peasants migrated to areas where supplies were available hence withdrawing their support
Internal division, competition and rivalry within FRELIMO because of ideological differences and selfish ambition among the leaders.
It was difficult ot keep the Africans united as they were from different tribes
Portuguese got support from South Africa and Southern Rhodesia to fight the nationalists in Mozambique.
Competition from rival guerrilla movements. E.g revolutionary committee of Mozambique
(any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
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