Highlight two negative effects of the trans-Saharan trade.
Increased warfare.
Increased slavery
Increased insecurity
Hatred and suspicion among the people
Destruction of wild life
Depopulation due to increased capture of slaves 2 x 1 =2mks
Name the first woman astronaut to travel into space
Sally K.Ride 1 x 1= 1mk
State two importance’s of the radio as a form of communication.
Passes information fast.
Compliments transport systems by sending signals and updates
Broadcasts education programmes
Entertainment
Advertising
Used in space exploration in guiding space crafts. 2 x 1=2mks
Give two ways how scientific inventions have negatively impacted on Agriculture
Increase in food related diseases due to GMOs
Pesticides are toxic and harmful
Pests have become resistant to pesticides
Soil fertility has been impoverished
Traditional crops have been abandoned.
Unemployment as a result of mechanisation 2 x 1 = 2mks
What was the title given to the highest political and religious leader of the Shona?
MweneMutapa 1mk
Identify one chartered company that was used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa.
Imperial British East Africa company
German East African Company
Royal Niger Company
British South African Company.
NB: Company name must be written in full
State one way how the Lochner treaty benefited King Lewanika individually,
He would be paid $2000 p.a and royalties of 4% for all minerals extracted.
He would continue to be King but with lesser powers. 1 x 1 = 1mk
Outline one social factor that led to the rise of Nationalism in Africa
Africans were subjected to cultural discriminations as their cultures were branded primitive.
The urban environment enabled Africans to interact and overcome tribal prejudices.
Africans were denied social services
Acquisition of western education exposed Africans new ideas about nationhood and patriotism.
Christian teachings on equality influenced Africans to question the behaviour of European. 1 x 1 = 1mks
State one military alliance that was formed by European nations before the First World War.
Triple Entente.
Triple Alliance 1 x 1 =1mk
Name two permanent member states of the United Nations security council
China
Russia
France
United states of America (USA)
Britain 2 x 1= 2mks
State one way how the Cold War was witnessed in Africa
Overthrowing of Ethiopian government with the support of USSR in 1974
USSR supported Angola to acquire independence against Portugal while USA supported rebels.
Government of DRC was supported by NATO. 2 x 1 = 2mks
Give two organs of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
Authority of Heads of states & Governments
Council of ministers.
Secretariat
Tribunal
Specialised commissions. 2 x 1 = 2mks
State two political challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since independence.
Political assassinations of various leaders
Ethnic based political wars
Threats of seceding by some regions
Interference by former colonialists
Overthrowing of governments
Frequent rebellions
Army mutinies 2 x 1 = 2 mks
State the system of government practised in Britain.
Constitutional Monarchy 1 x 1 =1 mk
SECTION B (45MARKS )
ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTONS IN THIS SECTION.
State five physical changes that early man underwent tomark a clear distinction between apes and modern man.
The skull size became bigger to accommodate larger brains.
The size of jaws and teeth became smaller due to softer diets.
The fore arms and hands became shorter and appropriate for upright movement.
The thumb finger separated from the other fingers for former grip.
The leg and foot formation changed to support the body and maintain balance.
The tail disappeared.
The hair disappeared. any 5 x 1 = 5mks
Explain five features of early man’s culture during the Neolithic period 10mks
They made smaller and better tools called Microliths
They practised large scale hunting and gathering because they lived in larger groups.
They practised fishing
They began domestication of crop and animals which marked the beginning of agriculture.
They made better shelters using tree branches and grass.
They lived a more settled life as a result of having semi permanent settlements.
The formulated rules and regulations to govern their social way of life/government.
They developed religion because they began to depend much more on natural forces such as the rain for livelihood.
They specialised in crafts such as basketry, pottery, weaving
They practised smelting of bronze and iron.
They invented language which was crucial for communication and strengthening of social bonds and preservation of cultures.. Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
State five disadvantages of using animals as a means of transport 5mk
It’s tedious and slow because animals must feed and drink frequently along the way.
Pack animals may be attacked by wild animals
Animals can only travel relatively shorter distances compared to modern forms of transport.
Some animals are stubborn and difficult to control or tame.
Animals carry smaller loads than vehicles.
They can only travel during the day.
Animals are affected by diseases Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
Explain five economic effects of modern forms of transport.
Local and international trade has been promoted through faster and efficient movement of goods across the globe.
The growth of the service sector has been boosted by modern means of transport through provision of insurance and banking services.
Agricultural production has increased because farmers can transport farm inputs and produce much faster.
Modern transport has influenced industrialisation because raw materials, finished goods and workers can be moved much faster and further across the globe.
Governments generate revenue through various charges and levies.
They create jobs/ employment opportunities.
Modern transport systems have enhanced exploitation of natural resources because they can be easily accessed.
They have boosted tourism since tourist attraction sites can be reached easily and fast.
5 x 2 = 10 mks
State five uses of Gold in Africa in the early days.
Making ornaments
Making utensils
Making swords and flint knife handles.
Was used as a measure and store of wealth.
Making weapons.
Used as a trade item using gold bars and gold dust.
Used as a currency/medium of exchange/gold coins Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
Explain 5 effects of iron working technology in Africa.
Widespread use of iron led to the decline of the use of other metals.
It led to the emergence urban centres which began as centres of iron working
It led to the growth of trade due to increased demand for iron ore and iron tools.
Use of iron tools improved agriculture as more land was put under cultivation.
There was increased food production as a result of increased use of iron tools/population increase
People were able to migrate and settle into new areas by using iron tools to clear forests.
Iron working led to specialisation in other crafts by those who were not smithers.
The smithers and smelters gained recognition and status in society because of the wealth they generated and their skills.
There was increased warfare and intercommunity conflicts lead to the rise of powerful kingdoms. Any 5 x 2 = 10 mks21.A
21 a. Explain five causes of the Mandinka rebellion
SamoriToure wanted to safeguard the independence of his empire
Samori did not want to lose the Bure gold mines.
The French threatenedSamori’s plans of territorial expansion into areas they occupied.
Samori was confident of his large and well trained army and did not fear fighting with the French.
Samori was disappointed by the failure of the British to support him against the French.
Samori was not happy with the French who were selling arms to his enemies such as chief Tieba of Sikasso.
Samori was influenced by friends to resist e.g Chief Khama of Ngwato Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
Explain five results of the Chimurenga war
Company rule was discredited by the colonial office due to poor administration.
Africans eventually lost their independence and the British established their authority over the area.
Africans were exposed to great famine since the war hindered them from engaging infarming.
There was massive loss of lives.
There was massive destruction of property
TheIndunas were to be recognized as headmen.
No Shona police would be stationed in Matebele land.
There was massive land alienation and Africans were confined in reserves.
Africans were subjected to forced labour in European farms.
Africans were subjected to taxation.
Missionaries were able to spread Christianity since the people had lost confidence in their traditional religion. Any 5 x 2 = 10mks
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.
22
State three factors that led to the growth of Nationalism in Mozambique.
Arbitrary replacement of traditional leaders.
Land alienation by Portuguese settlers.
Introduction of taxes.
Violation of African cultures by Portuguese officials.
Forced labour and mistreatment of Africans in settler farms.
Racial discrimination against Africans in settlement schemes and semi skilled jobs.
Restrictions of African movement and press censorship.
Cruelty of the colonial police.. Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks
Explain six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against the Portuguese colonial government.
The Portuguese did not have enough troops to deal with the African random attacks ( guerrilla warfare)
Many Africans joined the nationalist war voluntarily.
The region was heavily forested with narrow foot paths which rendered Portuguese aircraft and armoured vehicles ineffective.
The fighters were supported by the civilians with information of Portuguese movements.
The FRELIMO fighters cultivated their own crops thus were not overburdening the local population
The FRELIMO fighters were friendly to locals.
They were supported by communist countries such as USSR, China and Czechoslovakia
The guerrillas were supported by independent African countries through the OAU liberation committee.
FRELIMO abolished all forms of exploitation in the liberated areas and built social amenities thus receiving the support of local people
They respected women and recognised their role in mobilising Africans to support the struggle.
Ethnicity was removed through having people of different ethnic groups in the same fighting units.
They were supported by fighters from Southern Rhodesia (mercenaries). Any 6 x 2 = 12mks
23
State three conditions given to the Germans to surrender at the end of world war one (WWI)
To withdraw from all occupied territories including overseas colonies.
Withdrawal of all German forces North of River Rhine.
Surrender of all German warships to the Allied forces.
Occupation of some parts of Germany by the Allied forces.
Release of all prisoners of war. Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
Explain six causes of the second world war
The rise of nationalism after WWI as nations were more concerned with their domestic affairs than international affairs.
The Great Depression resulted in the collapse of many European economies and they adopted protectionist politics and aggression in a bid to generate wealth.
Some nations continued to violate the terms of the Versailles treaty and this threatened world peace.
The policy of Appeasement adopted by Britain and France enabled some countries to continue with acts of aggression further threatening world peace.
The League of Nations had failed to maintain world peace.
Emergence of dictators across Europe and their acts of aggression further caused international tension.
6 x2=12mks
24
Identify any three political parties in India. 3mks
Congress party
Bharatiya Janata party
Communist parties
Regional parties 3×1= 3mks
Explain six powers and functions of the president in India
Powers to declare emergency in a state and rule that state by decree
Powers to veto or assent to bills
Commander in chief of all armed forces
Powers to appoint supreme court judges and state governors
Powers to appoint the prime minister on the advice of parliament.
Is the major symbol of unity in the country
Any 6×2= 12mks
By Editorial Team
The Education News Hub Editorial Team is made up of vibrant and experienced editors. Brian Yano is an accomplished longtime Digital Media Journalist at Educationnewshub.co.ke with a great passion for research and fact-checking. He delivers engaging content across diverse topics, with a special interest in Education matters. On her part, Yvonne Kemunto is a journalist, dedicated to unraveling stories that matter. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for storytelling, she brings a fresh perspective to the world of media. Her commitment to detail and excellence shines through in every piece she crafts. Our newest member of the Editorial Team is Jennifer Mumbo. She is a Seasoned Multimedia Journalist with several years' experience; dating back to 2018. Jennifer has a passion for education, sports, tech, politics and entertainment. You can reach the editors at educationnewshub3@gmail.com.
