MOKASA KCSE JOINT HISTORY EXAMS & MARKING SCHEMES PP2

HIST PAPER 2 CLUSTER QUESTIONS & MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A ( 25MKS )

1. Identify any two classifications of written sources of information on History and Government. 2 mks               

• Archives
• Manuscripts
• Printed sources 2×1 = 2mk
  2. Give one social activity that was practised by early man during the New Stone Age period. 1 mk
• Development of a language for communication.
• Lived in small groups
• Practised religion and worship system.
• Practised decoration of huts with animal paintings.
• Use of red ochre to paint their bodies for beautification. 1 x 1=1mk
  3. State two effects of the Land Enclosure System in Britain during the Agrarian Revolution
• It led to landlessness after poor peasants were forced to sell off their land.
• Farmers were able to use their title deeds to borrow loans.
• It allowed use of machines
• Farmers were able to specialise in crop growing or animal keeping
• Landless peasants migrated to towns and the new world. 2 x 1 = 2mks
• Fencing prevented inbreeding and spread of diseases
• It led to large scale farming/ ranches.

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4. Highlight two negative effects of the trans-Saharan trade.

• Increased warfare.
• Increased slavery
• Increased insecurity
• Hatred and suspicion among the people
• Destruction of wild life
• Depopulation due to increased capture of slaves                2 x 1 =2mks
  5. Name the first woman astronaut to travel into space
• Sally K.Ride 1 x 1= 1mk
  6. State two importance’s of the radio as a form of communication.
• Passes information fast.
• Compliments transport systems by sending signals and updates
• Broadcasts education programmes
• Entertainment
• Advertising
• Used in space exploration in guiding space crafts.                               2 x 1=2mks
  7. Give two ways how scientific inventions have negatively impacted on Agriculture
• Increase in food related diseases due to GMOs
• Pesticides are toxic and harmful
• Pests have become resistant to pesticides
• Soil fertility has been impoverished
• Traditional crops have been abandoned.
• Unemployment as a result of mechanisation 2 x 1 = 2mks
  8. What was the title given to the highest political and religious leader of the Shona?
• MweneMutapa 1mk
  9. Identify one chartered company that was used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa.
• Imperial British East Africa company
• German East African Company
• Royal Niger Company
• British South African Company.

NB: Company name must be written in full

10. State one way how the Lochner treaty benefited King Lewanika individually,

• He would be paid $2000 p.a and royalties of 4% for all minerals extracted.
• He would continue to be King but with lesser powers. 1 x 1 = 1mk
  11. Outline one social factor that led to the rise of Nationalism in Africa
• Africans were subjected to cultural discriminations as their cultures were branded primitive.
• The urban environment enabled Africans to interact and overcome tribal prejudices.
• Africans were denied social services
• Acquisition of western education exposed Africans new ideas about nationhood and patriotism.
• Christian teachings on equality influenced Africans to question the behaviour of European. 1 x 1 = 1mks
  12. State one military alliance that was formed by European nations before the First World War.
• Triple Entente.
• Triple Alliance 1 x 1 =1mk
  13. Name two permanent member states of the United Nations security council
• China
• Russia
• France
• United states of America (USA)
• Britain 2 x 1=  2mks
  14. State one way how the Cold War was witnessed in Africa
• Overthrowing of Ethiopian government with the support of USSR in 1974
• USSR supported Angola to acquire independence against Portugal while USA supported rebels.
• Government of DRC was supported by NATO. 2 x 1 = 2mks
  15. Give two organs of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• Authority of Heads of states & Governments
• Council of ministers.
• Secretariat
• Tribunal
• Specialised commissions. 2 x 1 = 2mks
  16. State two political challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since independence.
• Political assassinations of various leaders
• Ethnic based political wars
• Threats of seceding by some regions
• Interference by former colonialists
• Overthrowing of governments
• Frequent rebellions
• Army mutinies 2 x 1 = 2 mks
  17. State the system of government practised in Britain.
• Constitutional Monarchy 1 x 1 =1 mk

SECTION B (45MARKS )

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTONS IN THIS SECTION.

1. State five physical changes that early man underwent tomark a clear distinction between apes and modern man.

• The skull size became bigger to accommodate larger brains.
• The size of jaws and teeth became smaller due to softer diets.
• The fore arms and hands became shorter and appropriate for upright movement.
• The thumb finger separated from the other fingers for former grip.
• The leg and foot formation changed to support the body and maintain balance.
• The tail disappeared.
• The hair disappeared. any 5 x 1 = 5mks

1. Explain five features of early man’s culture during the Neolithic period 10mks

• They made smaller and better tools called Microliths
• They practised large scale hunting and gathering because they lived in larger groups.
• They practised fishing
• They began domestication of crop and animals which marked the beginning of agriculture.
• They made better shelters using tree branches and grass.
• They lived a more settled life as a result of having semi permanent settlements.
• The formulated rules and regulations to govern their social way of life/government.
• They developed religion because they began to depend much more on natural forces such as the rain for livelihood.
• They specialised in crafts such as basketry, pottery, weaving
• They practised smelting of bronze and iron.
• They invented language which was crucial for communication and strengthening of social bonds and preservation of cultures..                                              Any 5 x 2 = 10mks

1. State five disadvantages of using animals as a means of transport 5mk

• It’s tedious and slow because animals must feed and drink frequently along the way.
• Pack animals may be attacked by wild animals
• Animals can only travel relatively shorter distances compared to modern forms of transport.
• Some animals are stubborn and difficult to control or tame.
• Animals carry smaller loads than vehicles.
• They can only travel during the day.
• Animals are affected by diseases Any 5 x 1 = 5mks

1. Explain five economic effects of modern forms of transport.

• Local and international trade has been promoted through faster and efficient movement of goods across the globe.
• The growth of the service sector has been boosted by modern means of transport through provision of insurance and banking services.
• Agricultural production has increased because farmers can transport farm inputs and produce much faster.
• Modern transport has influenced industrialisation because raw materials, finished goods and workers can be moved much faster and further across the globe.
• Governments generate revenue through various charges and levies.
• They create jobs/ employment opportunities.
• Modern transport systems have enhanced exploitation of natural resources because they can be easily accessed.
• They have boosted tourism since tourist attraction sites can be reached easily and fast.

5 x 2 = 10 mks

1. State five uses of Gold in Africa in the early days.

• Making ornaments
• Making utensils
• Making swords and flint knife handles.
• Was used as a measure and store of wealth.
• Making weapons.
• Used as a trade item using gold bars and gold dust.
• Used as a currency/medium of exchange/gold coins Any 5 x 1 = 5mks

1. Explain 5 effects of iron working technology in Africa.

• Widespread use of iron led to the decline of the use of other metals.
• It led to the emergence urban centres which began as centres of iron working
• It led to the growth of trade due to increased demand for iron ore and iron tools.
• Use of iron tools improved agriculture as more land was put under cultivation.
• There was increased food production as a result of increased use of iron tools/population increase
• People were able to migrate and settle into new areas by using iron tools to clear forests.
• Iron working led to specialisation in other crafts by those who were not smithers.
• The smithers and smelters gained recognition and status in society because of the wealth they generated and their skills.
• There was increased warfare and intercommunity conflicts lead to the rise of powerful kingdoms.                                                           Any 5 x 2 = 10 mks21.A
• 21 a. Explain five causes of the Mandinka rebellion
• SamoriToure wanted to safeguard the independence of his empire
• Samori did not want to lose the Bure gold mines.
• The French threatenedSamori’s plans of territorial expansion into areas they occupied.
• Samori was confident of his large and well trained army and did not fear fighting with the French.
• Samori was disappointed by the failure of the British to support him against the French.
• Samori was not happy with the French who were selling arms to his enemies such as chief Tieba of Sikasso.
• Samori was influenced by friends to resist e.g Chief Khama of Ngwato    Any 5 x 1 = 5mks

1. Explain five results of the Chimurenga war

• Company rule was discredited by the colonial office due to poor administration.
• Africans eventually lost their independence and the British established their authority over the area.
• Africans were exposed to great famine since the war hindered them from engaging infarming.
• There was massive loss of lives.
• There was massive destruction of property
• TheIndunas were to be recognized as headmen.
• No Shona police would be stationed in Matebele land.
• There was massive land alienation and Africans were confined in reserves.
• Africans were subjected to forced labour in European farms.
• Africans were subjected to taxation.
• Missionaries were able to spread Christianity since the people had lost confidence in their traditional religion.                                              Any 5 x 2 = 10mks

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

22

1. State three factors that led to the growth of Nationalism in Mozambique.

• Arbitrary replacement of traditional leaders.
• Land alienation by Portuguese settlers.
• Introduction of taxes.
• Violation of African cultures by Portuguese officials.
• Forced labour and mistreatment of Africans in settler farms.
• Racial discrimination against Africans in settlement schemes and semi skilled jobs.
• Restrictions of African movement and press censorship.
• Cruelty of the colonial police.. Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks

1. Explain six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against the Portuguese colonial government.

• The Portuguese did not have enough troops to deal with the African random attacks ( guerrilla warfare)
• Many Africans joined the nationalist war voluntarily.
• The region was heavily forested with narrow foot paths which rendered Portuguese aircraft and armoured vehicles ineffective.
• The fighters were supported by the civilians with information of Portuguese movements.
• The FRELIMO fighters cultivated their own crops thus were not overburdening the local population
• The FRELIMO fighters were friendly to locals.
• They were supported by communist countries such as USSR, China and Czechoslovakia
• The guerrillas were supported by independent African countries through the OAU liberation committee.
• FRELIMO abolished all forms of exploitation in the liberated areas and built social amenities thus receiving the support of local people
• They respected women and recognised their role in mobilising Africans to support the struggle.
• Ethnicity was removed through having people of different ethnic groups in the same fighting units.
• They were supported by fighters from Southern Rhodesia (mercenaries). Any 6 x 2 = 12mks 

23

1. State three conditions given to the Germans to surrender at the end of world war one (WWI)

• To withdraw from all occupied territories including overseas colonies.
• Withdrawal of all German forces North of River Rhine.
• Surrender of all German warships to the Allied forces.
• Occupation of some parts of Germany by the Allied forces.
• Release of all prisoners of war. Any 3 x 1 = 3mks

1. Explain six causes of the second world war

• The rise of nationalism after WWI as nations were more concerned with their domestic affairs than international affairs.
• The Great Depression resulted in the collapse of many European economies and they adopted protectionist politics and aggression in a bid to generate wealth.
• Some nations continued to violate the terms of the Versailles treaty and this threatened world peace.
• The policy of Appeasement adopted by Britain and France enabled some countries to continue with acts of aggression further threatening world peace.
• The League of Nations had failed to maintain world peace.
• Emergence of dictators across Europe and their acts of aggression further caused international tension.

                                                                                                    6 x2=12mks

24

1. Identify any three political parties in India. 3mks

• Congress party
• Bharatiya Janata party
• Communist parties
• Regional parties                                                                                                        3×1= 3mks

1. Explain six powers and functions of the president in India

• Powers to declare emergency in a state and rule that state by decree
• Powers to veto or assent to bills
• Commander in chief of all armed forces
• Powers to appoint supreme court judges and state governors
• Powers to appoint the prime minister on the advice of parliament.
• Is the major symbol of unity in the country

Any 6×2= 12mks