BIOLOGY SCHEMES OF WORK FORM 1-4 (TERM 1-3 EDITABLE)

1)       Define Biology

2)       List the branches of Biology

·         Linking biology with the science that students learnt in primary

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 1-4

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 1

·         Golden tips Biology Page 1

Characteristics of organisms

1.       Explain the importance of Biology

2.       State and explain some of the characteristics of organisms

·         Naming common Characteristics of organisms.

·         Charts on the characteristics of organisms.

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 1-4

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 1-2

·         Golden tips Biology Page 1

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 14-16

External features of plants and animals

1.       State and explain some of the general characteristics of organisms

2.       Explain the external features of plants and animals

3.       Write down the difference between plants and animals

·         Collecting, observing and recording external features of plants and animals.

·         Charts on external features of plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 1-4

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 2-6

·         Golden tips Biology Page 1-2

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 14-16

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 1-3

Use of magnifying lens

1.       Define classification

2.       Use the magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants/ animals

·         Drawing of a magnifying lens

·         Using magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants and animals

·         Discussion on how to calculate magnification

·         Different specimen of plants and animals

·         Rulers with measurement in mm

·         Chart on external features of plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 8

·         Golden tips Biology Page 3-5

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 14-16

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 5-12

Plant leaf forms

1.       Record observations of the main external features of plant leaf form

2.       Draw different types of leaf forms

·         Chart on different types of leaves

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 8-10

·         Golden tips Biology Page 4-5

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 17-20

1.       Observe, record and draw the main external features of plants

2.       Observe record and draw the main external features of animals

·         Observing, recording and drawing the main external features of animals

·         Different types of small animals

·         Chart on features of plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 10-14

·         Golden tips Biology Page 3

Major units of classification

1.       State the necessity and significance of classification

2.       Name the major units of classification

3.       Name the five kingdoms of living things

• Discussion on the necessity and significance of classification

·         Charts with the five kingdoms and examples in each case.

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 14-15

·         Golden tips Biology Page 6-12

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 17-20

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 5-12

1.       List the taxonomic units in plant and animal kingdoms

2.       Classify maize and human beings

• Naming taxonomic units in plants and animal kingdoms
• Classification of maize and human beings

• Charts on Classification of maize and human beings

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 14

·         Golden tips Biology Page 6-12

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 17-20

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 5-12

1.       Define Binomial nomenclature

2.       State the principles of Binomial nomenclature In naming organisms

• Defining Binomial nomenclature on the principles of Binomial nomenclature
• Classification of given organisms using generic and specific names

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 15-16

·         Golden tips Biology Page 6

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 17-20

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 5-12

1.       Use collecting nets, cutting instructions instruments and hand lens

2.       Preserve the collected specimen

• Collecting plants and animals
• Preserving Collecting plants and animals collected

·         Sweep nets

·         Cotton wool

·         Forceps

·         chloroform

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 9

·         Golden tips Biology Page 6-12

1.       Observe and group collected and preserved specimen according to their similarities

• Observing and grouping animals according to their similarities
• Observing and grouping plants according to their similarities

·         Hand lens

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 5-10

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 15-16

·         Golden tips Biology Page 7-9

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 17-20

1.       Define a cell

2.       Draw and label the light microscope

• Description of a cell
• Drawing and labeling the light microscope

·         Diagram of light microscope

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 18

·         Golden tips Biology Page 15-16

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

Calculation of magnification using light microscope

1.       Identify parts of the light microscope and state their functions

2.       Describe how to care for a light microscope

3.       Describe how a light microscope is used.

• Discussion on parts of a light microscope
• Caring for the light microscope
• Demonstration on how to use the light microscope
• Prepared slides

·         Chart of light microscope

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 21

·         Golden tips Biology Page 17-18

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

Calculation of magnification using light microscope

1.       Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under a light microscope

2.       Calculate the magnification of objects as seen under a light microscope

• Drawing and labeling of plant and animal cells as seen under a light microscope
• Demonstration on how to calculate magnification of objects as seen under a light microscope

·         Microscope

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 18-20

·         Golden tips Biology Page 15-17

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 26-32

1.       Observe a prepared slide under a light microscope

2.       Prepare temporary slide of onion epidermis and observe it under a light microscope

• Permanent slides of animal and plant cells
• Light microscope
• Microscope slide
• Cover slip
• scalpel
• Distilled water
• Iodine solution
• Onion bulb
• Droppers
• Pointed forceps
• Glass rod
• Mounted needle
• Blotting paper

·         Preparing and mounting onion epidermal cells

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 22

·         Golden tips Biology Page 16

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 26-32

·         Longman biology page 31-32

1.       Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under electron microscope

• Drawing and labeling plant and animal cells as seen under an electron microscope

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 23

·         Golden tips Biology Page 18

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 26-32

Cell wall

Cell membrane

cytoplasm

·         Describe the structure and function of the cell

·         Cell wall

·         Cell membrane

·         cytoplasm

• discussion on the functions of cell components

– cell wall

– cell membrane

– cytoplasm

• drawing and labeling these parts  of the cell

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 24-26

·         Golden tips Biology Page 18-19

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 26-32

Estimating the size of a cell

·         Describe the structure and function of the cell organelles

·         Estimate the size of a cell as seen in the field of view of a microscope

• discussion on the functions of cell organelles
• Drawing and labeling the cell and organelles
• Explain how to estimate the size of onion epidermal cells
• Estimating the size of onion epidermal cells

·         cover slip

·         iodine solution

·         distilled water

·         scalpel

·         two droppers

·         pointed scalpel

·         mounting needle

·         filter paper

·         transparent ruler with mm markings

·         onion bulb

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 27-28

·         Golden tips Biology Page 15-20

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 27-32

·         Longman biology pages 30-31

Cell specialization

–          Tissues

–          Organs

–          Organ systems

·         Write down the differences between plants and animal cells

·         Write down similarities between plant and animal cells

·         List down specialized plant and animal cells

·         State the modifications and functions  of specialized cells

·         Define tissues, organs and organ systems

·         Give examples of tissues organs and organ systems

• Distinguishing between plant and animal cells
• Naming specialized cells and their functions
• Drawing specialized cells
• Explaining modification of cells to their functions

·         Charts on similarities between plant and animal cells

·         Charts on various specialized cells

·         Chart on plant and animal tissues

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 11-19

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 26-31

·         Golden tips Biology Page 17-20

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 23-25

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 26-32

·         Longman biology pages 32

·         Fly higher series pages 6-7

Properties of the cell membrane

·         Define the term cell physiology

·         Describe the structure and properties of cell membrane

·         Describing the structure of the cell membrane and its properties

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 32-33

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 32-36

·         Define diffusion

·            Discussion on diffusion in liquids, gasses and solids

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 33

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 32-36

Carry out experiments to demonstrate

• diffusion in liquids
• diffusion in gasses

·            Discussions of results from experiments

·         Potassium permanganate crystals

·         Cold water

·         Glass tube

·         Strong smelling perfume

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 33-34

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 32-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 23-24

• Explain the factors affecting diffusion
• Explain the role of diffusion in living things

·            Discussing the role of diffusion in living things

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 35-36

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 32-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 24

·         Longman biology page 36

• Define osmosis
• Describe movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membrane

·            Describing osmosis across a semi -permeable membrane

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 36-38

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 33-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 24-25

·         Longman biology page 37

• demonstrate osmosis by using a Viking tubing
• carry out an experiment on osmosis using Irish potatoes

• carry out an experiment on osmosis using a Viking tubing
• carry out an experiment on osmosis using Irish potatoes
• Discussion on results of both experiments

·         Thread

·         Tap water

·         Sucrose solution

·         Irish potatoes

·         Scalpel

·         Cork borer

·         Transparent ruler

·         Distilled water

·         20% sucrose solution

·         Two petri-dishes

·         Tissue paper

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 37-39

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 34-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 24-25

·         High flyer series pages 10-11

• Osmotic pressure
• Osmotic potential
• Isotonic solution
• Hypertonic solution
• Hypotonic solution
• Turgor pressure
• Hemolysis
• Wall pressure
• Plasmolysis
• Deplasmolysis

• Defining terms used in the study of osmosis
• Discussion on the terms used in the study of osmosis

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 37-39

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 33-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 24-26

·         High flyer series pages 37

• carry out an experiment on selective permeability of membranes and movement of water in Irish potatoes

·         Ruler

·         Means of heating

·         3 Irish potatoes

·         3 petri-dishes

·         Viking tubing

·         20% starch solution

·         Iodine solution

·         50cm³ beaker

·         thread

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 40-42

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 34-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 26

·         Longman biology pages 37-38

·         High flyer series pages 10

Role of osmosis in organisms

• State factors affecting osmosis
• Explain the role of osmosis in organisms
• Explain the factors affecting osmosis

• Discussion on factors  affecting osmosis
• Discussion on the role of osmosis in organisms

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 43-44

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 33

·         Golden tips biology pages 27

·         Longman biology pages 37

·         High flyer series pages 10

• Describe what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solution

• Discussion on how plant cells behave in hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solutions

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 40-42

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 34-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 25-26

• Carry out an experiment  to show plasmolysis in epidermal cells of an onion bulb

• Carry out an experiment to show plasmolysis in epidermal cells from an onion bulb
• Discussion of results of the experiment on movement of water in and out of the cells

·         Two microscope slides

·         Two cover slips

·         10% sucrose solution

·         Forceps

·         Dropper

·         Light microscope

·         Onion bulb

·         scalpel

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 42

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 34-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 26

·         Longman Biology page 37

·         High Flyer page 10

• Describe osmosis of animal cells in a hypertonic solution

• Discussion on osmosis in animal cells when placed in hypertonic or hypotonic solution

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 40

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 34-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 25-26

·         Longman Biology page 37

• List down factors affecting active transport
• Define active transport
• Define the role of active transport in living things

• Discussion on active transport factors affecting active transport and its role in organisms

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 20-30

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 44

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 28-32

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 35-36

·         Golden tips biology pages 27-28

·         Longman Biology page 36

·         High flyer series pages 10-11

External structure of a leaf

• Define nutrition
• Write down the importance of nutrition
• List down the modes of feeding in organisms
• Draw and label the external structure of a leaf

• Discussion on definition of nutrition, importance and modes of feeding
• Drawing and labeling the external structure of a leaf
• Observing the external parts of a leaf

·         Chart on the external structure of a leaf

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 48-49

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 46-47

·         Golden tips biology pages 31

·         Longman Biology page 40

·         Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf

• Drawing and labeling the internal structure of the leaf

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 50

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 47-48

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 46-47

·         Golden tips biology pages 32

·         Longman Biology page 41

• Name the parts of a leaf
• State the functions of the parts of a leaf

• Discussion on the functions of the different parts of a leaf

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 50-51

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 47-48

·         Golden tips biology pages 33

·         Longman Biology page 41

• Define photosynthesis
• Draw and label the chloroplast
• Describe the process of photosynthesis

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 53-54

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 48-49

·         Golden tips biology pages 33-34

• List down the importance of photosynthesis
• Explain some of the factors influencing photosynthesis

• Discussion on the importance of photosynthesis
• Discussion factors influencing photosynthesis

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 55-59

• Explain the factors affecting photosynthesis

• Discussion on factors influencing photosynthesis

·         Charts on factors influencing photosynthesis

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 55-59

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 48-49

·         Golden tips biology pages 34

• Explain how the leaf is adapted to the process of photosynthesis

• Discussion on adaptations of the leaf to  photosynthesis

·         Chart showing internal structure of a leaf

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 51-52

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 47

·         Golden tips biology pages 32-33

• Test the presence of starch in a green leaf
• Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
• Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis

• Carrying out experiments on
• -presence of starch in a leaf
• -factors influencing photosynthesis in plants

·         Boiling tube

·         Means of heating

·         Methylated spirit

·         Iodine solution

·         Dropper

·         White tile

·         Pair of forceps

·         Variegated leaf

·         Aluminum foil on carbon paper

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 55-59

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 48-49

·         Golden tips biology pages 35-36

·         Longman biology 42

• Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
• Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis

• carry out an experiment to investigate whether

Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis and whether Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis

·         Heat source

·         Boiling tubes

·         Two conical flasks

·         Potassium hydroxide

·         Materials for testing for  starch in a leaf

·         Test tubes

·         500cm³ beaker

·         Funnel

·         Pod weed

·         Sodium hydrogen Carbonate

Wooden splint

·         leaf

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 15-59

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 48-49

·         Golden tips biology pages 35-36

·         Longman biology 42

• To answer the questions asked

• Learner to answer the given questions
• Teacher to supervise test

·         Marking scheme

carbohydrates

• Define Chemicals of life

• List down types of carbohydrates
• Write down properties and functions of monosaccharaides

• Defining Chemicals of life
• Discussion on

1. Types of

chemicals of life

1. Types of carbohydrates
2. Properties of monosaccharaides

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 59-60

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology pages 49-50

• Define disaccharides

• List properties and functions of disaccharides
• Define hydrolysis and condensation

• Defining disaccharides
• Discussion on properties and functions of disaccharides

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 60-61

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 50

lipids

• Define polysaccharides and lipids

• Write down the properties of polysaccharides and lipids

• Defining polysaccharides and lipids
• Discussion on properties and functions of polysaccharides and lipids

·         Charts on properties of lipids

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 61-64

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 50-52

·         Golden tips biology pages 37-40

• Starch
• Reducing sugars
• Non-reducing sugar
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Vitamin c

• Demonstration of experiments on food tests
• Carry out experiments on food tests
• Discussion on results obtained from experiments

·         Benedicts solution

·         Dilute HCL

·         0.5% copper sulphate

·         10% sodium hydroxide

·         DCPIP

·         Iodine solution

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 61-64

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 51-52

·         Golden tips biology pages 39-40

·         Longman biology  page 43

• Write down the properties and functions of proteins
• Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

• Discussion on  functions of proteins
• Distinguishing between carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

• Charts on  the properties  of proteins
• Charts on a comparison between carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 65-67

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 50-51

·         Golden tips biology pages 38-39

·         Longman biology  page 43

• Define enzymes
• Write down the properties and functions of enzymes
• Know the naming of the enzymes and their substrates
• Explain the importance of enzymes

• Discussion on properties and functions of enzymes

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 67-69

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 52-53

·         Golden tips biology pages 42

• Effect of temperature on enzymes
• Effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of  a reaction
• Effect of PH on enzyme activities

• Carrying out an experiment on factors affecting enzymes

·         Soaked beans

·         Hydrogen peroxide

·         Test tube (5)

·         Test tube rack

·         Water bath

·         Thermometer

·         Measuring cylinder

·         Watch

·           10% starch solution

·         0.1% and o.2% diastase

·         White tiles

·         Egg albumens

·         Distilled water

·         2m HCL

·         2m  sodium hydrogen carbonate

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 31-44

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 67-69

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page 53-55

·         Golden tips biology pages 40-41

·         Longman biology pages 43-44

·         High flyer series pages 15-16

Modes of heterotrophic nutrition

• Define hetetrophism
• List down the different modes of heterotrophism  and describe them

• Defining the term   heterotrophism
• Discussion on modes of heterotrophism

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 72

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary biology page

Types of teeth

• Define dentition
• Draw and label different types of teeth
• Describe the structure of a tooth

• Defining the term   dentition
• Identifying and drawing different  types of teeth

·         Chart on different types of  teeth

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 73-76

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

1.       Identify different types of teeth

2.       Describe the adaptations of the teeth to their functions

·         Chart on different types of teeth

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 75

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 56-58

·         Gold tips biology page 43

• Define dental formulae
• Describe and write down the dental formulae of  herbivore carnivore and omnivore

·         Discussion on the dental formulae of herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

·         Model of human skeleton with teeth on the jaws (artificial teeth)

·         Chart on various dental formulae

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 73-75

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 56-58

·         Gold tips biology page 43-44

• Write down the definition of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
• Explain the adaptations of dental formulae in various groups of animals, to their  mode of feeding

·         Model of human skeleton with teeth on the jaws (artificial teeth)

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 73-75

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 56-58

·         Gold tips biology page 42-43

Functions of the internal structure of a tooth

Common dental diseases

• Draw and label the internal structure of different types of teeth
• Write down the functions of the different parts of the internal structure of teeth
• Name and discuss common dental diseases

·         Discussion on the functions of various parts of the teeth

·         Discussion on common dental diseases

·         Model of human skeleton with teeth on the jaws (artificial teeth)

·         Chart on teeth with some dental diseases

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 75-76

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 56-57

·         Gold tips biology page 44

·         Longman biology page 46

• Write down the adaptations of herbivores to their mode of feeding

·         Chart on the molars from the jaws of a herbivore

·         Jaws of a herbivore

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 73-74

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 55-56

·         Gold tips biology page 43

·         Longman biology page 45

• Write down the adaptations of carnivores to their modes of feeding

·         Chart on the different teeth from the jaws of a carnivore

·         Jaws of a carnivore

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 74

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 56

·         Gold tips biology page 43

·         Longman biology page 45

• Identify various organs associated with the digestive system of a rabbit

·         Gloves

·         Chloroform

·         Dissection kit

·         Cotton wool

·         Dissecting board

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 85-86

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 58-59

·         Gold tips biology page

·         Longman biology page

• Draw and label parts of the human digestive system

·         Discussion on the parts of the human digestive system

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 78-82

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Gold tips biology page

·         Longman biology page

• Answer all the questions asked

·         Teacher to supervise the students while they do the test

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages  64-83

• Describe the regions of the alimentary canal of human digestive system
• Explain the functions of the human digestive system

·         Discussion on some of the human digestive system

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 78-82

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 58-60

·         Gold tips biology page 45-47

·         Longman biology page

• Describe the various regions of the human alimentary canal and their functions

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 78-82

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 58-60

·         Gold tips biology page 45-47

·         Longman biology page

• Describe how the ileum is adapted to its function

• Discussion on how the ileum is adapted to its functions

·         Drawing of the intestinal villi

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 83-84

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 61

·         Gold tips biology page

·         Longman biology page

Breakdown of starch by diastase enzyme

• Analyze the food content in the alimentary canal of a herbivore
• Carry out an experiment on the breakdown of starch by diastase enzymes

·         Carry out analysis on food content of the ileum

·         Dissecting board and kit

·         Cotton wool

·         Benedicts solution

·         Dilute HCL

·         Sodium hydrogen carbonate

·         1% diastase enzyme

·         Starch, test tube

·         Iodine solution

·         Means of heating

·         Test tube holder

·         Dropper

·         Measuring cylinder

·         Water bath

·         White tile

·         Boiled diastase

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 85-86

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 49-50

·         Gold tips biology page 40-42

·         Longman KCSE revision 48

·         Longman biology page 47- 48

·         High flyer series pages 14-15

• Describe how the ileum is farther adapted to its functions

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 81-82

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 61

Food assimilation

• Explain the end products of the digestion of various food
• Explain the function of the colon
• Explain the process of assimilation of food substances

·         Discussion on the functions of colon

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 84

·         Golden tips biology page 49

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 61-62

• Write down the summary of chemical digestion in alimentary canal

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 80-81

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Golden tips biology page 48

• Write down the importance of vitamins in human nutrition
• Write down the sources of vitamins
• State deficiency diseases of various vitamins

·         Test for vitamin C

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 85-86

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 61-62

·         Golden tips biology page 49

• Answer the questions

·         Teacher to supervise the students as they do the test

·         Marking schemes

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 89-92

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 52-55

·         Write down the importance of mineral salts in human nutrition

·         State the source of mineral salts

·         State the deficiency diseases of mineral salts

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 86-87

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 63

·         Write down the role of roughage in nutrition

·         Write down the role of water in nutrition

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 84

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 61

• Discuss factors which determine energy requirements in human beings

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 45-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 88-89

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55

• Participate in group discussions and present findings on factors that determine energy requirements in human beings

·         Group presentations by preventatives members

·         Teachers bk. 1 pages 48-55

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book Page 88-89

·         KLB teachers book 1 pages 37-55 Gateway secondary Biology pages 63-64

·         Define the term transport

·         List substances transported in plants and animals

·         Link surface area to volume ratio of organisms to the transport system of the organism

·         Explain the necessity of transport in plants

·         Listing substances transported in organisms

·         Relating surface area to volume ratio of organisms to transport systems

·         Surface area

·         Surface area to volume ration of different cubes

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 1

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 1

·         Golden tips biology pages 54-58

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84

·         Longman biology page 52

·         Draw the structure of roots and root hairs

·         Relate the structure of the root to their functions

·         Drawing the root and root hair

·         Relating the structure to functions

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 2

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 1

·         Golden tips biology pages 55-56

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84

·         Longman biology page

·         Observe prepared slides of roots and root hairs

·         Compare monocotyledons and dicotyledonous root sections

·         Observe charts and drawings of root sections

·         Observing charts and drawings of root section

·         Charts on root sections of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 1-2

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 2-5

·         Golden tips biology pages 56

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84

·         Longman biology page

·         Draw and label the structure of the Xylem Vessel

·         Define Xylem Vessel

·         Relate the structure of the Xylem Vessel to its function

·         Drawing and labeling  the structure of the Xylem Vessel

·         Relating the structure of the Xylem Vessel to its function

·         Chart on Xylem Vessels

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 2-10

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 17-20

·         Golden tips biology pages 58

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84-85

·         Longman biology page

·         Define Tracheid elements

·         Relate the structure of the Tracheid elements to their functions

·         Distinguish between xylem vessels and Tracheid elements

·         Distinguishing between vessels and tracheids

·         Discussion on the structure of Tracheid elements

·         Relating the structure of the Tracheid elements to their functions

·         Chart on Tracheid elements

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 10-11

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 5-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 19-20

·         Golden tips biology pages 58

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84-85

·         Longman biology page 53-54

·         Describe water and salt uptake by roots from the soil

·         Explain the physiological process involved in the uptake of water and mineral salts

·         Discussion of water absorption and uptake of mineral salts in plants

·         Chart on the stem sections

·         Chart on roots, roots hairs and section of roots

·         Photographs of roots and root hairs

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 7-9

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 2-8

·         Golden tips biology pages 54-56

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84-85

·         Longman biology page 54

·         Draw the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous stem sections

·         Define the term transpiration and relate the structure of xylem to its role in transpiration

·         Discussion on the structure of the xylem to its function

·         Drawing the stem section

·         Chart on the stem sections

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 5-7

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 4-10

·         Golden tips biology pages 59

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86-87

·         Longman biology page

·         Draw and label the internal and the external structure of a leaf

·         Describe the functions of the leaf

·         Relate the parts of a leaf to their functions

·         Discussion on the parts of a leaf and how they relate to their functions

·         Charts on the section of a leaf

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 9-10

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 10-12

·         Golden tips biology pages 57-58

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84

·         Longman biology page 54

·         Demonstrate the movement of water in plants

·         Observe prepared leaf sections to identify vascular tissues

·         Observing  prepared leaf section under a light microscope

·         Identifying vascular tissues in leaves

·         Charts on the section of a leaf sections

·         microscopes

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 14-16

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 7

·         Discuss the forces involved in movement of water in plants such as transpiration, pull, cohesion and adhesion capillarity and root pressures

·         Demonstrate the forces involved in movement of water in plants

·         Discussion on forces involved in movement of water in plants

·         Carrying out experiments to show the forces involved

·         Beakers containing colored water

·         Fresh plant stump with fluid oozing

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 11-12

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 5-6

·         Golden tips biology pages 59-60

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86-87

·         Longman biology page

·         Identify the importance of transpiration in plants

·         Discuss the importance of transpiration in plants

·         Potted plants growing normally

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 12

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 12

·         Golden tips biology pages 54

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 84

·         Longman biology page

·         Explain what the phloem is

·         Draw the structure of the phloem and relate its structure to its function

·         List down materials translocated in the phloem

·         Discussing the functions of phloem in relation to its structure

·         Listing down the materials translocated in plants

·         Photographs of the phloem

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 1-13

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 24-26

·         Golden tips biology pages 61-62

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86

·         Longman biology page

·         Draw the structure of the phloem

·         Relate the parts of the phloem to its functions

·         Discussion on  the functions of the parts of the phloem

·         Drawings of the phloem structure

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 17-18

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 24-25

·         Golden tips biology pages 62

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86-87

·         Longman biology page 55

·         Discuss the function of the phloem

·         List down materials translocated and the sites of storage in the phloem

·         Listing down materials translocated and storage sites in the phloem

·         Photographs of the phloem

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 17-18

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 24-26

·         Golden tips biology pages 61-62

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86-87

·         Longman biology page 55

·         Set up an experiment to investigate translocation of food substances in dicotyledonous plants

·         Set up an experiment to investigate translocation of food substances in a monocotyledonous plant

·         Explain the processes involved in the translocation of food in plants

·         Explaining the processes involved in the translocation of food in plants

·         Discussion on the result of the experiment

·         Sharp knife

·         Saplings

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 12-14

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 25-26

·         Golden tips biology pages 62

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 86-87

·         Longman biology page

Transport in unicellular animals

·         Identify unicellular organisms such as amoeba

·         Describe transport of substances in unicellular organisms

·         Explain the necessity of an elaborate transport system in most animals

·         Explaining transport in unicellular organisms

·         Explaining the need for an elaborate transport system in most animals

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 1-13

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 18

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 26

·         Golden tips biology pages 63

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88

·         Longman biology page  55-56

·         Define an open circulatory system

·         Discuss the open circulatory system

·         Draw the open circulatory system of an insect

·         Discussing the open circulatory system

·         Drawing the open circulatory system of an insect

·         Labeling the open circulatory system

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 18-20

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 26-27

·         Golden tips biology pages 63-64

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88

·         Longman biology page

·         Define an closed transport system

·         Identify animals with the open circulatory system

·         Distinguish between closed and open circulatory systems

·         Stating organisms with closed circulatory systems such as human beings

·         Distinguishing between closed and open circulatory systems

·         Chart showing the difference between closed circulatory system and open circulatory system

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 19-20

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 26-27

·         Golden tips biology pages 64-65

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88-89

·         Longman biology page  55-56

·         Define an Double circulatory system

·         Draw and label circulatory systems in mammals

·         Dissect a rabbit and observe its transport system

·         Observing the transport system in a rabbit

·         Drawing the double circulatory system of a mammal

·         Dissected rabbit displaying the circulatory system

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 19-20

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 28-34

·         Golden tips biology pages 64-65

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88-89

·         Longman biology page  56

·         High flyer series pages 30-32

·         Teacher to supervise the test

·         Marking scheme

·         Draw and label the external parts of the mammalian heart

·         Draw and label the internal structure of the mammalian heart

·         Explain the functions of the heart

·         Relate the structure of the heart to its functions

·         Discussing the structure of the mammalian heart

·         Model of a heart

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 21-23

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 28-32

·         Golden tips biology pages 65-66

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 89

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Trace the path taken by blood from the heart to the body parts and back to the heart

·         State the substances supported by the blood of mammals

·         Describe the flow of oxygenated blood in and out of the body through the heart

·         Tracing the path taken by blood from the heart to all body parts and back to the heart

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 19-20

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 31-32

·         Golden tips biology pages 65-67

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88-90

·         Longman biology page 56

·         High flyer series pages

·         Explain the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries

·         Relate the structure of the arteries, veins and capillaries to their function

·         Drawing the arteries, veins and capillaries

·         Making medals of blood vessels

·         Modes of blood vessels

·         Different colours of Plasticine

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 25-30

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 33-43

·         Golden tips biology pages 67-68

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 88-90

·         Longman biology page 56

·         High flyer series pages

·         Name the common diseases of circulatory system such as thrombosis, varicose veins

·         Suggest methods of control/prevention for the diseases.

·         Suggest methods of control/prevention

·         Photographs of people suffering from diseases of the circulatory system

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-15

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 31-32

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 43-45

·         Golden tips biology pages 73-74

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 92-93

·         Longman biology page 57

·         High flyer series pages

·         List the components of the blood

·         State the functions of each of the blood components

·         Relating blood components to their functions

·         Modeling red blood cells (RBC)

·         Model RBCs using Plasticine

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 32-35

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 45-50

·         Golden tips biology pages 69-71

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 90

·         Longman biology page 58-59

·         High flyer series pages

·         Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood

·         Describe the mechanisms of blood clotting and its importance

·         Describing  the mechanisms of blood clotting and its importance

·

·         Chart showing blood clotting mechanism

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 36-38

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 45-51

·         Golden tips biology pages 70-71

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 90

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Describe the human blood group system

·         State the importance of blood groups  in blood transfusion

·         Stating the importance of human blood groups in blood transfusion

·         Playing cards/bottle tops in pairs

·

·         Chart showing blood groups and possible transfusions

·         Prepared cards/bottle tops

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 36-38

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 51-54

·         Golden tips biology pages 72-73

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 90-91

·         Longman biology page 56

·         High flyer series pages

·         Discuss the rhesus factor

·         State the role of the rhesus factor in blood transfusion

·

·         Blood transfusion personnel

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 37-39

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 52-55

·         Golden tips biology pages 72-73

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 92

·         Longman biology page 59

·         High flyer series pages

·         Examine the external and internal structure of a cows heart

·         Investigate pulse rate at the wrist

·         Working in pairs to examine pulse rate before and after vigorous activities

·

·         Dissecting kit

·         Hand lens

·         Stop watch

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 30-31

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 28

·         Golden tips biology pages 66

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 89

·         Longman biology page 59

·         High flyer series pages

·         Defining immunity

·         Describe immune response

·         Differentiate between natural and artificial immunity

·         Describing immune responses

·         Distinguishing between natural and artificial immunity

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 40-41

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 56-58

·         Golden tips biology pages 74-75

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 93

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Define vaccination

·         Describe importance of vaccination against diseases such as tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough

·         Describing the importance of vaccination

·         Drawing the vaccination table

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 41-43

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 58-59

·         Golden tips biology pages 75-76

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 93-94

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Define allergic reactions and explain their causes

·         Carry out an experiment to demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood in the cutaneous veins of the forearm

·         Carrying out an experiment to demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood in the cutaneous veins

·         Rubber bands

·         Bandages or handkerchiefs

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 14-25

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 43

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 15-34

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 58

·         Golden tips biology pages 76-77

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 93-94

·         Longman biology page59-60

·         High flyer series pages

·         Define gaseous exchange

·         Identify the gases that are exchanged in the living organism

·         Explain the importance of gaseous exchange in organisms

·         state the gases that are exchanged in the living organisms such as oxygen and carbon dioxide

·         discussion on the importance of gaseous exchange in organisms

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 48-50

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 70

·         Golden tips biology pages 79

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 113

·         Longman biology page 62

·         High flyer series pages 36

·         Describe the stomata

·         Draw and label open and closed stomata

·         Explain stomata and gaseous exchange

·         Drawing and labeling of open and closed stoma

·         Discussion on stomatal gaseous exchange

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 48-51

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 70-74

·         Golden tips biology pages 79-80

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 114

·         Longman biology page 62

·         High flyer series pages

·         Investigate the presence of stomata on leaves

·         Investigate the shape of guard cells and the distribution of stomata on leaves

·         Investigating the shape of guard cells

·         Discussion on the distribution of stomata on leaves of various plants

·         Leaves of various leaves

·         Means of heating

·         Clear nail varnish

·         Light microscope

·         Cover slip

·         Forceps

·         Microscope slide

·         Leaves of various plants

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 48-50

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 76

·         Golden tips biology pages

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 114

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata

·         Describe photosynthetic/glucose accumulation theory of opening and closing stomata

·         Discussion on the photosynthetic/glucose accumulation theory of opening and closing stomata

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 50-51

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 71-74

·         Golden tips biology pages 79-80

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 114

·         Longman biology page 62

·         High flyer series pages

·         Describe inter-conversion of starch and glucose and ion accumulation theories

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 50-51

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 76

·         Golden tips biology pages 79-80

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 114

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Investigate the internal structure of stems and leaf stalk in aerial and aquatic plants

·         Investigate tissue distribution in aerial leaves and stems

·         Prepared permanent slides of aerial leaves and stems

·         Water lily leaf stalk

·         Bougainvillea twig

·         Beaker containing water

·         scalpel

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 50-52

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 75-76

·         Golden tips biology pages

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page 62

·         High flyer series pages

·         Discussion on Cuticular gaseous exchange

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 51-53

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 75

·         Golden tips biology pages 81

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 114-115

·         Longman biology page 62-64

·         High flyer series pages 36-37

·         Draw the structure of the root

·         Describe how gaseous exchange takes place through the epidermis of the roots

·         Discussion on gaseous exchange through the roots

·         Chart showing breathing roots

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 26-33

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 48-52

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 74-75

·         Golden tips biology pages 81-82

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 113-114

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         Examine various types of gaseous exchange structure in different organisms

·         Relate the various types of gaseous exchange structure to their functions in different organisms

·         Relating the various types of gaseous exchange structure to their functions in different organisms

·         Insects (alive)

·         Fish

·         Frog

·         earthworm

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 58-61

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 80-81

·         Golden tips biology pages 82

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 115

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         State the characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces in different organisms

·         Discussion on mechanism of gaseous exchange surfaces

·         Discussion on mechanism of gaseous exchange in amoeba

·         Chart showing diagram on gaseous exchange in amoeba

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 53

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 80

·         Golden tips biology pages 82-83

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 115

·         Longman biology page 65

·         High flyer series pages

·         Examine the gaseous exchange structures of a grasshopper or a locust

·         Draw the gaseous exchange structure of an insect

·         Drawing the gaseous exchange structure of an insect

·         Live grasshoppers

·         Dissecting board

·         Pins

·         Hand lens

·         Dissecting kit

·         Chloroform

·         Cotton wool

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 54-56

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 81-84

·         Golden tips biology pages 83

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 115-116

·         Longman biology page 64

·         High flyer series pages 37-38

·         Teacher to supervise test

·         Marking scheme

• Draw and label the structure of gaseous exchange in bony fish
• Relate the gills to their function

• discussion on gills of a bony fish
• drawing and labeling the gill chamber and gills of bony fish
• discussion on functions of parts of the gills

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 56-58

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 84-88

·         Golden tips biology pages 84

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 116-117

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Discussion on the mechanism of gaseous exchange in bony fish

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 57-58

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 84

·         Golden tips biology pages 84

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 116-117

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages 38

• Examine the location and number of gills in gill chambers of bony fish
• Examine, draw and label the gill of a bony fish

• Examining the location and number of gills in gill chambers of bony fish
• Examining, drawing and labeling isolated gills in bony fish

·         Hand lens

·         Gills of a bony fish

·         Dissecting kit

·         Pins

·         Dissecting board

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 58

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 84-85

·         Golden tips biology pages 84

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 116

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Discussion on gaseous exchange in a frog

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 58-59

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 88-90

·         Golden tips biology pages 84-85

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 117

·         Longman biology page 65-66

·         High flyer series pages

• State the structure involved in gaseous exchange in human beings
• Explain the features of the structures involved in gaseous exchange in human beings
• Draw and label the structures involved in gaseous exchange  in human beings

• Stating the structures involved in gaseous exchange in human beings
• Explaining the features of the structures involved in gaseous exchange in human beings
• Drawing and labeling the structures involved in gaseous exchange in humans

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 59-64

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 90-94

·         Golden tips biology pages 85-86

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 117-118

·         Longman biology page 66

·         High flyer series pages 38-39

• Examine a dissected mammal to locate the gaseous exchange structures
• Describe the mechanism of breathing in human beings

·         Discussion on mechanism of breathing in human beings

·         Dissected rabbit displaying the gaseous exchange system

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 59-64

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 94-97

·         Golden tips biology pages 86

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 119

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages 38-39

• Draw and label the alveoli where gaseous exchange occur in human beings
• Describe how gaseous exchange occurs in alveoli

• Drawing  and labeling the alveoli where gaseous exchange occur in human beings
• Describing  how gaseous exchange occurs in alveoli
• Discussion on gaseous exchange at the alveoli

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 61-65

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 96-99

·         Golden tips biology pages 86-87

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 119-120

·         Longman biology page 67

·         High flyer series pages 38-39

·         Answer all questions asked in the test

• Learners to write down the answers to the questions
• Teacher to supervise the students

·         Marking scheme

• Explain how human beings are adapted to their functions
• Able to examine the mammalian lung

• Explaining how human beings are adapted to their functions
• Discussion on the adaptations of lungs in humans and examination of mammalian lung

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 59-65

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page

·         Golden tips biology pages 86-87

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 120

·         Longman biology page 66-67

·         High flyer series pages 38-39

• Demonstrate the breathing mechanism of the lungs and diaphragm in a model thoracic cavity
• Demonstrate the breathing movement of ribs and muscles by using a model

• Carrying out a demonstration of breathing mechanism in human beings using a model

·         Two balloons

·         Rubber stopper with a hole

·         Y-shape glass tube

·         Rubber sheet

·         String

·         Petroleum jelly

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 63

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 96-99

·         Golden tips biology pages 86-87

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 117-119

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Examine the factors affecting the rate of breathing in human beings
• Explain the factors which control the rate of breathing  in human beings

• Examining the factors affecting the rate of breathing in human beings
• Discussion on factors affecting the rate of breathing  in human beings

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 65-66

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 101-102

·         Golden tips biology pages 87

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 119

·         Longman biology page 67-68

·         High flyer series pages

• State the causes of respiratory diseases
• Discuss the symptoms of respiratory disease
• explain the prevention measures of respiratory diseases

• Discussion on causes, symptoms and prevention measures of respiratory diseases

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 67-70

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 104-107

·         Golden tips biology pages 87-88

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 121

·         Longman biology page 68

·         High flyer series pages

• Carrying out experiment to show the effect of exercise on rate of breathing

·         Stop watch

·         Skipping rope

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 34-48

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 66-67

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 101-104

·         Golden tips biology pages

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

Tissue respiration

·         Define respiration

·         State the significance of respiration

·         Draw and label mitochondria

• Discussion on definition and significance of respiration
• Drawing and labeling mitochondria

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 73-74

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 112-113

·         Golden tips biology pages 91

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 130

·         Longman biology page 71

·         High flyer series pages

·         Define Anaerobic respiration

·         Describe Anaerobic respiration in plants

·         Describe Anaerobic respiration in animals

• Defining Anaerobic respiration
• Discussion on Anaerobic respiration in plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 77-78

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 116-119

·         Golden tips biology pages 92-93

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 131

·         Longman biology page 72

·         High flyer series pages 41-42

·         Identify the gas given off when food is burnt

·         Investigate the gas produced during fermentation

• Carrying out experiments to investigate the gas produced when food is burnt
• Discussion on the gas produced when food is burnt

·         Maize flour

·         Test-tubes

·         Source of heat

·         Boiling tubes

·         Delivery tube

·         Rubber stopper

·         Lime water

·         clump

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 75-74

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 116-118, 120-121

·         Golden tips biology pages

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

·         State the economic importance of anaerobic respiration

·         Discuss the economic importance of anaerobic respiration in both plants and animals

• Discussion on economic importance of anaerobic respiration

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 77-78

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 119-120

·         Golden tips biology pages 92-93

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 130

·         Longman biology page 71

·         High flyer series pages 41

·         Explain anaerobic respiration

·         Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic respiration

·         Compare energy production in anaerobic  and aerobic respiration

• explain aerobic respiration
• Distinguishing between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
• Discussion on energy formation and energy output in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 74-76

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 113-115

·         Golden tips biology pages 91-92

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 130-131

·         Longman biology page 72-73

·         High flyer series pages 41

(practical lesson)

·         Investigate the production of heat by germinating seeds

·         Demonstrate that respiration takes place in plants

·         Discussion on the observation or results observed

·         Two thermometers

·         Beans and cotton wool

·          Sterilizer such as formalin

·         Bell jar

·         Soda lime

·         Two conical flasks

·         Black cloth

·         Lime water

·         Potted plant

·         Delivery tube

·         Filter pump

·         Corks

·         Petroleum jelly

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 76-77

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 115

·         Golden tips biology pages 94

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

(practical lesson)

·         Show aerobic respiration in animals

·         Show the aerobic respiration takes place in animals

·         Discussion on the results observed

·         Two pieces of insulin cloth or wire net

·         Bicarbonate indicator

·         Two conical flasks

·         Measuring cylinder

·         Two rubber bands

·         Two labels

·         Bell jar

·         Lime water

·         Delivery tubes

·         Soda lime

·         Rat

·         Filter pump

·         Petroleum jelly

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 49-57

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 78

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 45-48

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 117

·         Golden tips biology pages 94

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Define terms stated
• Distinguish between excretion and egestion
• Explain the necessity of excretion in plants and animals

·         Distinguishing between excretion and egestion

·         Explaining the necessity of excretion in plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 83-84

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 124

·         Golden tips biology pages 96

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 141

·         Longman biology page 75

·         High flyer series pages 44

• Describe the methods of excretion in plants
• List down useful and harmful excretory products in plants

·         Listing excretory products in plants

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 83-84

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 124-125

·         Golden tips biology pages 96-97

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 141

·         Longman biology page 75-76

·         High flyer series pages 44

• Identify the uses of excretory products in plants
• Describe  the uses of excretory products in plants

• Identifying  the uses of excretory products in plants
• Describing  the uses of excretory products in plants

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 84

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 125-127

·         Golden tips biology pages 96-97

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 141

·         Longman biology page 76

·         High flyer series pages 44

• Describe excretion and homeostasis in unicellular animals such as amoeba
• Draw an amoeba
• Describe excretion in fresh water amoeba

• Describing excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organism such as amoeba
• Drawing of amoeba
• Describing the excretion of water and nitrogenous wastes in amoeba

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 84-85

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 127-128

·         Golden tips biology pages 97-98

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 142

·         Longman biology page 77

·         High flyer series pages 44

• Explain the need for complex animals for excretion
• List down organs involved In excretion in animals
• List down waste products released by various organs

• Explaining the need for complex excretory organs
• Listing the excretory organs and substances released

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology

·         Students book 2 Page 84-87

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 128-131

·         Golden tips biology pages 98

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 142

·         Longman biology page 77

·         High flyer series pages 44-45

• Examine the kidney of a mammal
• Draw and label the external structure of a kidney
• Make a vertical section through the kidney
• Identify the internal parts of the kidney

• Examining the kidney
• Making a vertical section and identifying the parts of the kidney
• Drawing the internal structure of the kidney

·         Sharp knife

·         Chart showing section of a kidney

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology 58-68

·         Students book 2 Page 88-92

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 132-135

·         Golden tips biology pages 100-101

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 144

·         Longman biology page 77

·         High flyer series pages

• Draw and label parts of the nephron
• Relate its structure to its role in urine formation

• Drawing and labeling the nephron
• Discussion on the structure of the nephron in relation to its function

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology 58-68

·         Students book 2 Page 90-92

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 135-137

·         Golden tips biology pages 101-102

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 145

·         Longman biology page 77

·         High flyer series pages 47

• Identify the hormones involved in Neuro-endoctrine system and homeostasis eg insulin
• Explain the process of urine formation in the kidney
• Describe the role of various hormones in urine formation

• Identifying the hormones involved in Neuro-endoctrine system and homeostasis such as insulin, ADH and aldosterone I urine formation
• Describing the role of insulin, ADH and aldosterone in urine formation

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology 58-68

·         Students book 2 Page 97-100

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 139-142

·         Golden tips biology pages 103-104

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 145

·         Longman biology page 78

·         High flyer series pages 45-47

• Describe the components and role of Neuro-endoctrine systems
• Distinguish between internal and external environments
• Explain the general working of the homeostatic mechanism

• Describing the components and role of the Neuro-endoctrine system
• Distinguishing between internal  and external environment
• explaining the general working of the homeostatic mechanism

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology 58-68

·         Students book 2 Page 97-100

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 139-142

·         Golden tips biology pages 103-104

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 145-146

·         Longman biology page 78-79

·         High flyer series pages 49-51

• Define osmoregulation
• Describe the role of the kidney in osmoregulation
• Explain the role of hypothalamus in osmoregulation

• Defining

Osmoregulation

• Describing  the role of the kidney in osmoregulation

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages 58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 100-101

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 140-142

·         Golden tips biology pages 105

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 145-146

·         Longman biology page 78

·         High flyer series pages 45-47

• Explain Diabetes insipidus and other common kidney diseases
• Describe the causes of Diabetes insipidus and other common kidney diseases
• State possible control/prevention methods of Diabetes insipidus

• Explaining Diabetes insipidus and other common kidney diseases
• Describing  the causes of Diabetes insipidus and other common kidney diseases

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 49-54

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 101, 93-94

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 142, 138-140

·         Golden tips biology pages 105, 102-103

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 147

·         Longman biology page 77

·         High flyer series pages 47

• Answer all the questions asked in the test

• Learner to answer all the questions
• Teacher to prepare and give the test
• Teacher to supervise the students

·         Marking schemes

• Draw and label parts of the skin
• Relate the parts of the skin to their functions

• Discussion on the parts of the skin and their functions
• Drawing and labeling parts of the skin and relating parts to their functions

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 85-87

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 129-132

·         Golden tips biology pages 98-100

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 142

·         Longman biology page 78

·         High flyer series pages 45

• Distinguish between osmoregulation and thermoregulation
• Describe the role of the skin in osmoregulation
• Describe the role of the skin in thermoregulation

• Distinguishing between osmoregulation and thermoregulation
• Describing  the role of the skin in osmoregulation
• Describing the role of the skin in thermoregulation

·         Photograph of a section of the skin

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 98-101

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 131-132

·         Golden tips biology pages 98-100

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 142-143

·         Longman biology page 78

·         High flyer series pages 45-47

• Identify behavioral and physiological means of thermoregulation in animals
• Describe behavioral and physiological means of thermoregulation in animals

• Identifying behavioral and physiological means of thermoregulation in animals
• Describing behavioral and physiological means of thermoregulation in animals

·         Photograph of people with light cloth during hot weather

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 98-100

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page

·         Golden tips biology pages 106-108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 147-148

·         Longman biology page 78

·         High flyer series pages

• Explain Heat loss and heat gain
• Describe the various methods of Heat loss and heat gain in mammals

• Explaining Heat loss and heat gain
• Discussion on methods of Heat loss and heat gain in mammals

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 98-100

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 149-153

·         Golden tips biology pages 106-108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 148

·         Longman biology page 78-79

·         High flyer series pages 49-50

• Explain the terms Surface area to volume ratio in relation
• Relate the body size of mammals to heat loss and heat gain

• Explaining the terms Surface area to volume ratio in relation
• Discussion on the relationship between the body size of mammals to heat loss and heat gain

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 100-101

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 152

·         Golden tips biology pages 106-108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 148

·         Longman biology page 78-79

·         High flyer series pages 49-50

• Draw and label the liver and its associated parts
• Describe the liver and its role in homeostasis

• Drawing and labeling the liver and its associated parts
• Describing  the liver and its role in homeostasis

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 93-96

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 153-156

·         Golden tips biology pages 108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 148-149

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• List down some of the functions of the liver
• Describe the functions of the liver

• Listing down some of the functions of the liver
• Describing  the functions of the liver

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 95-96

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page

·         Golden tips biology pages 108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 149-150

·         Longman biology page 79

·         High flyer series pages 48

• Identify all the diseases of the liver
• Describe the symptoms and possible control of diabetes mellitus and other liver diseases
• Explain the causes symptoms and diseases of the liver

• Identifying all the diseases of the liver
• Describing  the symptoms and possible control of diabetes mellitus and other liver diseases
• Explaining  the causes symptoms and diseases of the liver

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 96-97

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 156-158

·         Golden tips biology pages 109-110

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 149

·         Longman biology page 79-80

·         High flyer series pages 48-49

• explain catalase enzyme and hydrogen peroxide
• describe the role of catalase enzyme in breaking down hydrogen peroxide
• use liver and kidney to investigate the reaction

• explaining catalase enzyme and hydrogen peroxide
• carrying out the experiment to investigate the effect of catalase enzyme in breaking down hydrogen peroxide
• discussion on results obtained in the experiment

·         two beakers

·         measuring cylinder

·         piece of liver and kidney

·         splint

·         ruler

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 96

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 155-156

·         Golden tips biology pages 110

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Answer all the questions asked in the test

• Learner to answer all the questions
• Teacher to supervise students

·         Marking scheme

• Describe the role of the liver in blood sugar control
• Describe the role of insulin hormone

• Describing the role of the liver in blood sugar control
• Describing the role of insulin hormone

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 102-103

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 153-156

·         Golden tips biology pages 105-106

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 149

·         Longman biology page 79

·         High flyer series pages

• Explain the regulation of blood sugar
• Describe a flow chart showing the regulation of blood sugar

• Explaining the regulation of blood sugar
• Describing a flow chart showing the regulation of blood sugar

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 102-103

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 153-156

·         Golden tips biology pages 105-106

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 146

·         Longman biology page 78-79

·         High flyer series pages

• Describe temperature regulation in other animals

• Describing temperature regulation in other animals

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 98-100

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 49-54

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 146-152

·         Golden tips biology pages 106-108

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 148

·         Longman biology page

·         High flyer series pages

• Answer all the questions asked in the test

• Learner to be able to answer questions in the test
• Teacher to supervise students as they do the test

·         Marking scheme

• Relate parts of the lungs to its functions
• Draw and label parts of the lungs

• Describing the parts of the lungs and relating the to its functions
• Drawing and labeling parts of the lungs

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 59-64

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 91-94

·         Golden tips biology pages 86

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 117

·         Longman biology page 66-67

·         High flyer series pages

• Reviewing gaseous exchange and functions of lungs
• Reading notes on gaseous exchange

·         Charts showing lungs

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 59-62

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 91-94

·         Golden tips biology pages 85-87

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages 117-118

·         Longman biology page 65-67

·         High flyer series pages

(practical lesson)

• Identify a mammals lungs
• Observe and describe structures of lungs in relation to functions

• Identifying fresh lungs of a mammal
• Observing and describing the structure of a mammals lungs in relation to their functions

·         Livestock officer

·         Teachers bk. 2 pages  58-68

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 2 Page 63

·         KLB teachers book 2 pages 35-44

·         Longhorn secondary biology: students book 2 page 91-94

·         Golden tips biology pages

·         Gateway secondary Biology pages

·         Longman biology page 66-67

·         High flyer series pages

• Classify common organisms into their main taxonomic units
• Write scientific names of organisms correctly
• List the kingdoms of organisms

• Reviewing the work done in classification 1
• Classifying and naming common organisms like maize, beans, domestic dog and jack

·         Potted plant

·         Use of preserved specimen of plants and animals

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages  1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 1-3

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 1-3

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 1-4

• Describe the general characteristics of Kingdom monera

• Discussion on the general characteristics of Kingdom monera

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 3-4

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 5-6

• Describe the general characteristics of Kingdom protoctista

• Discussion on the general characteristics of Kingdom protoctista
• Listing down the members of kingdom protoctista

·         Wall charts on protoctista

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 3-4

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 6-8

• Describe the general characteristics of Kingdom protoctista
• Observe, draw and name parts of spirogyra, amoeba, paramecium and euglena

• Observing, drawing and naming parts of spirogyra, amoeba, paramecium and euglena

·         Hand lenses

·         Microscope

·         Protozoa infusion (cultured)

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 4-5

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 6-8

• Describe the general characteristics of Kingdom fungi
• List down all the members of kingdom fungi

• Describing  the general characteristics of Kingdom fungi

• Naming and drawing organisms in this kingdom

·         Wall charts on fungi

·         Specimen of fungi

·         Hand lenses

·         microscope

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 6

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 11-14

• Draw and name parts of bread mold (mucor), yeast and mushrooms

• Observing, drawing and labeling structures of yeast, bread mold and mushroom

·         Charts on yeast, mushrooms and bread mold

·         Live specimens e.g. mushrooms

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 6

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 11-14

• Describe the main characteristics of kingdom plantae
• Describe the main characteristics of bryophyta

• Discussion on the main characteristics of kingdom plantae
• Describing and stating the main characteristics of bryophyta

·         Wall charts

·         Live specimens of moss

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 7

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 15

• Identify examples of hyophyta
• Observe draw and name parts of liverworts and moss plants

• Observing drawing and labeling structures of moss and liverworts
• Asking and answering questions

·         hand lenses

·         Wall charts on bryophytes

·         Live specimens of moss plants

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 7

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 15

• Identify examples of pleridophyta
• Observe draw and name parts of fern plant

• Discussing main characteristics of division pleridophyes
• Stating and describing characteristics of pteridophytes

·         Local environment

·         Hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 8-9

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 16

• Identify examples of division spermatophyta
• Identify major sub-division of spermatophyta

• Discussing main characteristics pleridophyes
• Stating main characteristics of pleridophytes and their sub-division of the same I.e ginkgoales, cycadales and coniferles

• Live specimen spermatophytes
• Wall charts on common spermatophytes

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 9-10

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 17

• List main characteristics of angiospermae
• Differentiate between angiospermae and gymnospermae

• Discussing the characteristics of angiospermae and gymnospermae
• Differentiating between angiospermae and gymnospermae

• Live specimen of corn leaves
• Wall charts on angiospermae and gymnospermae

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 9-10

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 17

• State the characteristics of angiospermapyta
• Identify and state major characteristics of classes of angiospermapyta eg dicotyledonare &monocotyledonoe

• Differentiating between class monocotyledonae and dicotyledonae
• Observing drawing and labeling parts of monocotyledonous plants

·         B;ade

·         Staining material

·         Handlenses

·         microscope

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 10-11

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 18-20

• describe the general characteristics of kingdom animalia

• discussion on the main characteristics of phylum anthropoda
• stating and describing general characteristics of kingdom animalia

• Preserved specimen of kingdom animalia

·         wall charts showing different animals

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 12-13

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 20-24

• describe the general characteristics of Phylum arthropda
• list down the classes of the Phylum arthropda

• stating and describing the general characteristics of Phylum arthropda
• discussing the characteristics of arthropods

• Preserved specimen of arthropods

·         Wall charts showing different arthropods

·         Local environment

·         hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 12-13

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 25-26

• describe the general characteristics of Class crutacea

• describing  the general characteristics of Class crutacea
• observing, drawing and labeling various types of  crutacea

·         wall charts showing diagrams of crutacea

·         local environment

·         hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 13-14

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 29

• describe the general characteristics of Class insect
• describe the general characteristics of Class arachnida
• list down the members of class arachnida and insecta

• discussion on classes arachnida and insect
• stating and describing the characteristics of classes arachnida and insect
• observing, drawing and labeling parts of various types of arachnida and insecta

·         wall charts showing diagrams of common members of class arachnida and insecta

·         local environment

·         hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 14-16

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 25,30

• Answer all questions on the subtopics covered previously

• Learner answers questions
• Teacher supervises learners as they write down their examination

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 30

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 1-8

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages

• Describe the general characteristics of Classes chilopoda and diplopoda
• List down the members of class chilopoda and diplopoda

• Describing the general characteristics of Classes chilopoda and diplopoda
• Observing, drawing and labeling of diplopods and chilopods
• Differentiating between chilopoda and diplopoda classes

·         Wall charts showing diagrams of centipedes and millipedes

·         Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 14

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 31

• Describe the general characteristics of Phylum chordata

• Describing the general characteristics of Classes Phylum chordate
• listing down the members of Phylum chordata

·         local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 16-17

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 32

• describe the general characteristics of Pisces and amphibia

• describing the general characteristics of Classes Pisces and amphibian
• observing, drawing and labeling different  types of fish
• differentiating between bony and cartilaginous fish

·         Live specimen amphibia

·         Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 32-33

• describe the general characteristics of reptilia

• Describing the general characteristics of reptilia
• Observing, drawing and labeling different  types of amphibia and reptilia

• Photographs/diagrams of amphibia and reptilia
• Preserved specimen reptilia

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 18-19

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 33-34

• describe the general characteristics of Class aves

• Describing and stating the general characteristics of Class aves
• Observing, drawing and labeling different  parts of aves

• Photographs/diagrams of birds

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 19-20

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 34-35

• Describe the general characteristics of Class Mammalia
• Identify different types of members of Class Mammalia

• Describing and stating the general characteristics of Class Mammalia
• Asking and answering questions

• Photographs/diagrams of different mammals

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 21

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 35-36

• Construct a simple dichotomous to identify given organisms

• Constructing a simple dichotomous key using common organisms

• Common plant and animal species

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 22-26

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 37-41

• Use an already constructed dichotomous key to identify given organisms

• Using a dichotomous key to identify arthropods

• Chart showing a constructed dichotomous key

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 27-28

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 37-41

• Use an already constructed dichotomous key to identify given organisms

• Using a dichotomous key to identify plants

• Chart showing a constructed dichotomous key

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 29

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 37-41

• Use an already constructed dichotomous key to identify given organisms

• Using a dichotomous key to identify phylum chordata

• Chart showing a constructed dichotomous key

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages

• answer all questions on the topic covered
• draw and label organisms correctly

• Learner answers questions
• Teacher supervises learners as they write down their examination

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 1-8

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 30

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 12-27

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 42-47

• Define the term ecology and identify terms used in ecology

• Defining the terms used in ecology

• Wall chart showing terms used in ecology and their definitions and their Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 33-34

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 48

• Define the term ecology and identify terms used in ecology

• Defining the terms used in ecology

• Wall chart showing terms used in ecology and their definitions and their Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 33-34

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 48

Light

• Identify the types of ecosystems
• State and explain how light determines distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Discussing how light determines distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Instruments for measuring light or their diagrams
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 34

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 50

temperature

• Identify and describe how temperature  determines distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Discussing on the role of temperature in the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Drawing and labeling parts of  a thermometer

• Instruments for measuring temperature or their diagrams
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 34

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 50

Rainfall and humidity

• Identify and describe how Rainfall and humidity determines distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Discussing on the role of Rainfall and humidity in the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Stating and describing how Rainfall and humidity determines distribution of organisms
• Drawing of instruments e.g. rain gauge

• Instruments for measuring Rainfall and humidity  or their diagrams/photographs
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 34-35

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 51

Wind and atmospheric pressure

• describe how Wind and atmospheric pressure determines distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• describing how Wind and atmospheric affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Drawing and labeling of instruments used in measuring wind direction & strength

• Instruments for measuring strength of wind, direction of wind and atmospheric pressure
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 34-35

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 51-52

• Write down correct  answers to questions asked in the test

• Learner recalls and writes down  answers questions asked
• Teacher supervises learners as they write down their examination

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 70

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 94

salinity

• describe how salinity affects the distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems

• describing  how salinity affects the distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems
• discussion on the role of salinity in distribution of organisms and methods of measuring salinity

• diagrams of aquatic profile of lakes/oceans
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 35-36

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 51

Waves, curves and Tides

• describe how waves, currents and tides affects the distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystem

• describing  how waves, currents and tides affects the distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems

• diagrams of aquatic profile of lakes/oceans
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 36

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 49- 51

Edaphic factors

• Describe how Edaphic factors affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing  how Edaphic factors affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on the role of edaphic factors in distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Soil samples of different types from different places
• petri dishes
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 36

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 52

(practical lesson)

• Measure certain factors in samples of different soils

• Measuring the PH and soil water content in sandy, clay and loamy soils

• Samples of sandy, clay and loamy soils
• Weighing balance
• Source of heat
• Universal indicator
• Funnel/filter papers
• Cotton wool
• Measuring cylinders

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 36

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 92-93

Geological factors

• Describe how Geological factors affect the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing how Geological factors affect the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on the role of geological factors in the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Local environment
• Maps or photographs of various landscapes

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 54

• Describe how Abiotic factors  affect the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing how other Abiotic factors affect the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on the role of pollutants, oxygen concentration in the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Local environment
• Photographs of polluted environments

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 52-54

Competition

• Describe how competition  affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing how competition affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on how competition affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Local environment
• Graphs showing relation of different organisms in an ecosystem using a factor e.g. food

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 37-38

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 56-58

Predation and

Symbiosis

• Describe how Predation and Symbiosis  affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing how Predation and Symbiosis  affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on the role of Predation and Symbiosis  in the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
• Drawing and labeling parts of a leguminous root

• Leguminous root
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 39-40

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 57-59

• Differentiate between Parasitism and saprophytism
• Describe how Parasitism and saprophytism influence the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem e.g. Tick and cattle

• Differentiating between Parasitism and saprophytism

• Describing  how Parasitism and saprophytism influence the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem e.g. Tick and cattle
• Discussion on Parasitism and saprophytism and their role in distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

• Live/preserved specimen of common parasites
• Diagrams or photographs of common Parasitism and saprophytism
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 39-40

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 58-59

• Describe the interaction between organisms in an ecosystem

• Describing the interaction between organisms in an ecosystem
• Discussion on the role of producers, consumers and decomposers in an ecosystem
• Construction of a pyramid of biomass and numbers

• Chart showing pyramid of biomass and numbers
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 44-45

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 69-71

• Describe the role of decomposers in Nitrogen cycle & carbon cycle

• Describing the Nitrogen cycle
• Discussion on the role of decomposers in Nitrogen cycle
• Construction of the Nitrogen cycle

• Wall chart on Nitrogen cycle

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 41-42

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 71-73

• Define   the terms food chain and food web
• Construct food chains and food webs

• Defining   the terms food chain and food web
• Discussion on food chains and food webs

• Constructing food chains and food webs

• Examples of food chains and food webs

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 42-44

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 74

• Describe energy flow in a local ecosystem and Construct food chains and food webs

• Studying energy flow in a local ecosystem

• Constructing food chains and food webs

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 42-44

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 69-70

• Define population
• List down the characteristics of population

• Defining population
• Listing characteristics of population

• Photographs of population
• Data on population of some organisms shown e.g. in a graph
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 46

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 75-81

• Explain the use of quadrants and transects as methods of Population estimation

• Describing how  quadrants and transects as methods of Population estimation
• Discussion on the use of quadrants and transects as methods of Population estimation

• quadrants
• wall charts with transects
• 2 ropes with IM interval marks

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 46-48

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 82-84

• Explain the capture –recapture method of population estimation

• Describing capture recapture method of population estimation
• Using capture –recapture method by estimating the total number of beads in a beaker

• Beads of  two colours
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 49

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 84

• Use quadrant method to estimate population of named organisms within the compound

• Identifying, estimating and recording organisms in the school compound using quadrant method

• School compound
• Quadrant
• herbs

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 47

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 82-83

• Describe total count, aerial count and aerial photography and other methods of population estimation

• Describing  total count, aerial count and aerial photography and other methods of population estimation
• Discussion on these methods of population estimation.

• Photographs of populations
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 46

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 81-82

• Relate to the adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats

• Discuss the adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats

• Photographs and diagrams of xerophytes
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 50-51

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 60-62

• Relate to the adaptations of mesophytes  to their habitats

• Discuss the adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats

• Photographs and diagrams of mesophytes
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 51

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 62-63

• Relate to the adaptations of hydrophytes  to their habitats
• Observe, draw and label parts of named hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophyte plants

• Discuss the adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats
• Observing, drawing and labeling structures of xerophytes, mesophytes and hydrophytes

• Photographs and diagrams of mesophytes e.g. black jack
• Hydrophytes e.g. papyrus
• Xerophytes e.g. cactus
• Hand lens
• blade
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 52-53

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 63-64

• Relate to the adaptations of halophytes  to their habitats

• Discussion on the adaptations of halophytes  to their habitats
• Describing  the adaptations of halophytes  to their habitats

• Photographs and diagrams of halophytes
• Local environment
• Wall charts on halophytes

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 53-54

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 65

• Explain pollution and give examples of pollutants

• Defining pollution and identifying various pollutants
• Discussion on pollutants within and around the school compound

• Photographs and diagrams of polluted areas
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 55-56

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 100-101

• Describe the various air pollutants

• Identify various air pollutants
• Describing various air pollutants

• Photographs and diagrams of  air pollution
•  Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 56

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 100-104

• Discuss the effects of air pollution on the environment
• Suggest methods of controlling air pollution

• Discussing the effects of air pollution on human health and animals
• Suggesting methods of controlling air pollution

• Photographs and diagrams of  areas polluted by air
•  Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 56-59

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 101-104

• Describe various causes of Land/ soil pollution

• Identification and description of various causes of Land/ soil pollution

• Photographs and diagrams of  polluted land
• Local  environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 62-64

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 104-105

• Discuss the effects of Land/ soil pollution and human health in rural and urban centers
• Suggest methods of controlling Land/ soil pollution

• Discussion on the effects of Land/ soil pollution on human and animal health
• Suggesting methods of controlling Land/ soil pollution

• Photographs and diagrams of  polluted land
• Local  environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 62-64

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 104-105

• Describe the causes of  Water pollution

• Identifying and describing  the causes of  Water pollution

• Photographs and diagrams of  polluted water
• Local  environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 60-62

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 105-108

• Identify other causes of environmental pollution in rural and urban centers

• Identifying and describing  the causes of  environmental pollution e.g. noise, radioactive pollutions

• Photographs and diagrams of  polluted environment
• Local  environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 64

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 108-112

• Write down correct  answers to questions asked in the test

• Learner recalls and writes down  answers questions asked
• Teacher supervises learners as they write down their examination

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 100-110

• Discuss the effects  of water pollution on human health in rural and urban centers and other organisms
• Suggest methods of controlling water pollution

• Discussion on  the effects  of water pollution on human health in rural and urban centers and other organisms
• Suggesting methods of controlling water pollution

• Photographs and diagrams of  polluted areas
• Local  environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 60-62

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 105-108

• Identify symptoms of cholera and typhoid fever
• State methods of transmission
• Suggest control measures

• Discussion on  the symptoms, methods of transmission and control of cholera and typhoid fever

• resource person e.g. school nurse
• Journals, periodicals and newspapers from library having information about cholera and typhoid fever

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 64-66

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 121-122

• Identify the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission and control of malaria

• Discussion on  the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission and control of malaria

• resource person e.g. school nurse
• Journals, periodicals and newspapers from library having information about malaria

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 66-70

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 129-130

• Identify the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission of amoebic dysentery
• Suggest control methods of amoebic dysentery

• Discussion on  the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission and control of amoebic dysentery

• resource person e.g. school nurse
• Wall charts on life cycle of entomoeba hystolitica

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 66-67

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 131

• Identify the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission of ascariosis

• Discussion on  the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission of ascariosis

• Resource person e.g. school nurse
• Wall charts on life cycle of ascaris tumbricoides
• Journals, periodicals and newspapers having information about ascaris tumbricoides

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 67-68

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 124-128

• Identify the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission and control of schistomiasis

• Discussion on  the causes, symptoms and methods of transmission and control of schistomiasis

• Recourse person e.g. school nurse
• Wall charts on life cycle of schistomiasis

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 8-24

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 69-70

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 28-56

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 124-128

• Define reproduction and state its importance
• Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction

• Defining reproduction
• Differentiation between asexual and sexual reproduction
• Stating the importance of reproduction

• Recourse person e.g. school nurse
• Wall charts on significance of reproduction

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 78

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 141

• Describe the appearance and location of chromosomes

• Describing  the appearance and location of chromosomes
• Modeling chromosomes using Plasticine
• Drawing and labeling chromosomes

• Chart showing chromosomes

• Plasticine of different colours
• Manila paper

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 79

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 141

• Define mitosis
• Describe chromosomic movement during mitosis

• Defining mitosis and description  of stages of mitosis
• Description of chromosomic movement in mitosis

• Wall Chart showing mitosis

• Plasticine of different colours
• Use of mitosis  pictures

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 79-82

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 142-144

• Describe e the movement of chromosomes in mitosis
• Identify stages of mitosis

• Identifying  stages of mitosis
• Describing  chromosomic movement in mitosis
• Drawing the stages of mitosis

• Wall Chart showing mitosis

• Plasticine of different colours
• Use of mitosis  pictures
• photomicrographs

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 79-82

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 142-144

• Identify and describe stages of mitosis

• Identifying  stages of mitosis
• Describing  the stages of mitosis
• Drawing the stages of mitosis

• Wall Chart showing mitosis

• Plasticine of different colours
• Use of mitosis  pictures
• photomicrographs

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 79-82

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 142-144

• State the significance of mitosis in reproduction

• Stating the significance of mitosis in reproduction
• Discussion on the significance of mitosis

• Wall Chart showing stages of mitosis

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 82

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 142-143

• Write down correct  answers to questions asked in the test

• Learner recalls and writes down  answers questions asked
• Teacher supervises learners as they write down their examination

·         Marking scheme

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 128-131

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 180-185

• Define meiosis
• State the stages of meiosis
• Describe the chromosome movement during meiosis

• Defining meiosis
• Describing the stages of meiosis
• Describing the chromosome movement during meiosis

• Wall Chart showing stages of meiosis
• Plasticine
• photomicrograhics

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 82-85

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 144-145

• Observe the stages of meiosis
• Describe the movement of chromosomes during meiosis

• Mature flower of hibiscus plant
• microscopes

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 86

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 144-145

• State the significance of meiosis in reproduction

• Stating the significance of meiosis in reproduction
• Discussion on the significance of meiosis in reproduction

• Charts showing stages of meiosis
• photomicrograhics

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 86

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 145

• Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis

• Discussion on the difference between mitosis and meiosis

• Charts on meiosis and mitosis

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 87

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 145-146

Binary fission

• State and describe the importance of Binary fission

• Describing the importance of Binary fission
• Drawing on stages of Binary fission in amoeba

• Protozoan infusion
• Microscope
• Hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 87-88

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 146

·         Observe spore formation in bread mould (mucor) and binary fission in paramecium

• Description of  binary fission and sporulation in reproduction
• Drawing and labeling bread mould showing pore-producing structures

• Protozoan infusion
• Light Microscope
• Hand lenses
• Bread mould (mucor) growing on bread

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 87-88

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 146-147

Budding

·         State and describing the importance of budding in reproduction

·         Observing drawing and budding cells of yeast

• Identifying, stating and describing the importance of budding in reproduction
• Observing, drawing and labeling budding cells of yeast

• Yeast fermentation (prepared an hour to the lesson)
• Microscope, slides
• Cover slips

Methylene blue  stain

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 89

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 146-147

·         Describe the external structure of a typical flower

• Identifying the external floral parts
• Observing, drawing and describing corolla and calyx of a flower

• Big mature flowers e.g. hibiscus
• Hand lenses

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 90-91

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 152-155

·         Describe the internal structure of a typical flower

• Identifying the internal floral parts
• Observing, identifying and describing stamens and carpels of a flower

• Big mature flowers e.g. hibiscus & Nandi flame
• Hand lenses
• blade

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 91

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 154-156

·         Observe, describe and draw different types of pollen grains

·         Describe the structure of ovules

·         Describe other characteristics of flowers

• Observing, Identifying, and recording  other characteristics of flowers
• Comparing insect pollinated and wind pollinated flowers

• A variety of mature wind and insect pollinated flowers
• Light microscope
• Microscope slides
• Cover slips

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 91-92

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 157-158

·         Describe and compare adaptations of wind and insect pollinated flowers

• Observing, Identifying, and recording  other characteristics of flowers
• Comparing insect pollinated and wind pollinated flowers

• A variety of mature flowers still attached to their stem
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 94-95

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 159

·         Describe the features and mechanisms that hinder self-pollination and self-fertilization

• Describing pollination
• Stating the types of pollination
• Comparing adaptations of wind pollinated and insect pollinated flowers

• Insect and wind pollinated flowers
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 94-95

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 159

·         Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plants

• Describing double fertilization in flowering plants
• Describing features and mechanisms hindering self-pollination and self-fertilization

• Variety of mature flowers
• Local environment
• Wall charts of various types of flowers

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 96-97

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 159-160

·         Describe and explain how embryo and seeds are formed in flowering plants

• Describing and explaining the formation of embryo and seed in flowering plants

• Wall charts showing embryo formation in flowering plants
• Bean seeds

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 97-98

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 161-162

·         Describe how fruits are formed in flowering plants

• Describing and explaining fruit formation in flowering plants

• Specimen of fruits

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 97-100

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 161-165

·         Differentiate between a fruit and a seed

• Differentiating between fruits and seeds

• Fruits
• seeds

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 97-100

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 161-165

·         Describe and explain how different  seeds and fruits are dispersed

• Describing and explaining methods of fruit and seed dispersal

• Different types of fruits and seeds

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 102-104

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 164-165

·         Classifying various types of fruits and describe their placentation

• Description and examination of placentation of various fruits

• Handouts on types of fruits
• Various types of fruits

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 101-104

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 162-165

·         Differentiate between internal and external fertilization

·         Describe external fertilization in amphibians

• Differentiating between internal and external fertilization
• Discussion on external fertilization in amphibians

• Amphibian eggs in a jelly string
• Hand lenses
• Local environment

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 104

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 165-166

·         Relate the structure of mammalian male reproductive system to its functions

• Relating the structure of mammalian male reproductive system to its functions
• Drawing and labeling the male reproductive system

• Wall chart on the male reproductive system
• Dissected small mammal

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 105-106

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 166-167

·         Relate the structure of mammalian male reproductive organ and spermatozoa to its function

• Drawing and labeling the structure of the spermatozoa
• Relating the spermatozoa to its function

• Wall chart on spermatozoa

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 112

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 169

·         Relate the structure of mammalian female reproductive system to its function

• Discussion of the female reproductive system
• Drawing and labeling and relating the female reproductive system to its functions

• Charts showing female reproductive system
• Dissected small animals

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 108-110

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 167-168

·         Relate the structure of mammalian ovum to its function

• Drawing and labeling and relating the structure of the ovum to its functions

• Wall Charts showing structure of the ovum

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 108-109

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 169-170

·         Describe internal fertilization in mammals

• Defining fertilization
• Discussion on internal fertilization in mammals

• Wall Charts on fertilization process

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 111-113

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 171-172

·         Describe the fertilization process

• Describing the fertilization process
• Drawing  and labeling the fertilized ovum

• Wall Charts on the process of fertilization

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 112-114

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 171-172

·         Describe implantation and the role of the placenta in mammals

• Describing implantation
• Explaining the role of the placenta in mammals

• Wall Charts showing the stages of implantation

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 114-116

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 173-174

·         Define gestation in mammals

·         Identify different gestation periods in different mammals

• Defining  gestation
• Identifying different gestation periods in different mammals

• Wall Charts containing gestation periods of different mammals
• Photograph of a foetus

·         Teachers bk. 3 pages 25-45

·         KLB secondary Biology Students book 3 Page 116-117

·         KLB teachers book 3 pages 57-78

·         Principles of biology vol. 2 pages 173-174