The core element of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and a functioning production IT system is an interactive, lifelong process of learning from the human partner and responding to human needs. For example, the AI system must be able to draw up highly complex plans as needed by the customer and to produce them autonomously. A production robot, in particular, is supposed to be designed in such a way that it has nearly human capabilities such as fine motor skills, perception, adaptability and cognition. In order to achieve its full functionality, however, it must be programmed dynamically and rigidly.

Modern information technologies and the advent of machines powered by artificial intelligence have already strongly influenced the world of work in the 21st century. Computers, algorithms and software simplify everyday tasks.

When we transfer the experience of the past to the future, disturbing questions arise: what will the future world of work look like and how long will it take to get there? Will the future world of work be a world where humans spend less time earning their livelihood? Alternatively, are mass unemployment, mass poverty and social distortions also a possible scenario for the new world, a world where robots, intelligent systems and algorithms play an increasingly central role? What is already clear and certain is that new technical developments will have a fundamental impact on the global labour market within the next few years, not just on industrial jobs but on the core of human tasks in the service sector that are considered untouchable.

In addition to companies, employees and societies, education systems and legislators are also facing the task of meeting the new challenges resulting from constantly advancing technology. Legislators are already lagging behind and the gap between reality and laws relating to AI is growing.

Both blue-collar and white-collar sectors will be affected. The faster the process of the division of labour and the more process steps can be described in detail, the sooner employees can be replaced by intelligent algorithms. One third of current jobs requiring a bachelor’s degree can be performed by machines or intelligent software in the future. Individual jobs will disappear completely, and new types of jobs will come into being.

Robots and intelligent machines can have not only supporting, but even lifesaving functions. Examples are robots used in medical diagnostics, which have high accuracy, or for the assessment of dangerous objects using remote control and integrated camera systems. These make it possible, for example, to defuse a bomb without a human having to come close to it. The ‘Robo Gas Inspector’, an inspection robot equipped with remote gas sensing technology, can inspect technical facilities even in hard-to-reach areas without putting humans at risk, for example, to detect leaks in above-ground and underground gas pipelines.

Owing to the great number of emerging multidisciplinary support alternatives due to AI and machines, the requirements for future employees will change. There will be hardly any need for employees who do simple and/or repetitive work. Already today, the number of factory workers is constantly decreasing, and humans are ever more becoming the control mechanism of the machine. The automotive industry, where many production steps are already fully automated, is the pioneer in this respect.

The lower the demand for workers, the higher will be the companies’ demand for highly qualified employees. According to common belief, better education helps. Better education helps, however, only in certain circumstances. The additional qualification of an individual employee must be connected to the work in question. Additional qualifications as an accountant will be of little benefit for the individual employee, because – over time – there is a 98 per cent probability that the work of an accountant can be done by intelligent software. Creative people who are talented in mathematics and sciences are best qualified for the new labour market.

Although not every future employee will be required to be an IT programmer, they should have a fundamental grasp of analytical and technical matters. Employees should be able to form a unit with supporting machines and algorithms and to navigate the internet comfortably and move safely in social networks. To do this, it is necessary to know how the basic structurework. The employee should also be able to examine machines and artificial intelligence software critically. It is not necessary only to oversee machines, but also to coordinate them. The interfaces between humans and machines and the overlaps in the area of responsibility among the more flexible humans must also be coordinated.

What is the importance of humans to AI systems? (2 marks)

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Using illustrations from the passage, explain why the term artificial intelligence is appropriate. (2 marks)

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The author seems to have contradictory views about the introduction of Artificial Intelligence in the workplace. Explain. (2 marks)

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In your own words and according to the passage, explain why the gap between reality and laws relating to AI is growing. (2 marks)

What two characteristics, according to the passage, must an employee have to survive

in the new work environment dominated by AI? (2 marks)

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Giving a reason, explain whether machines are superior to humans when it comes to

work. (1 mark)

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Modern information technologies have already strongly influenced the world of work in

the 21st century. (Rewrite adding a question tag) (1 mark)

h) Make notes on the implications of AI in the workplace. (5 marks)

Explain the meanings of the following words as used in the passage. (3 marks)
Autonomously

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Untouchable

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Pioneer

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that follow. (25 marks)

She liked that particular one so much that she asked him to read it again and again. Eventually she forgave herself – the last step in self-acceptance.

One day when Maria and her nephew, Owuor, happened to be alone, he broached the subject of his vocation.

“Maria, I think God is calling me to priesthood,” he said quietly. She was taken entirely by surprise.

“What?”

“I think God is calling me to priesthood.”

“Have you spoken to your grandmother?”

“No I thought I’d speak to you first. Actually it was Awiti’s idea. Besides, I was afraid that I might cause her pain.”

“You are so young – maybe you should wait a little.”

“Waiting will not make me change my mind. I know that I have no choice in the matter but I hate to do this to her.”

“Then I will speak to her about it; better still, you come with me and we will talk to her together.”

As usual they found Akoko busy weeding her sorghum patch. They simply brought down their hoes and joined in the work. Nothing was said for quite a spell then Akoko who well knew that at such an hour, her grandson was usually occupied elsewhere asked:

“What brings Owuor here at this hour – it can’t be for the love of weeding. He has had something on his mind for a long time and has been as jumpy as an ant with its tail in hot embers. Speak up young man.”

Owuor looked at his grandmother in confusion. Naturally he had thought that his secret was well kept. The confusion became respectful admiration. He should have known that nothing could escape this astute woman.

“Grandmother, you know that I have worked closely with the priest and I feel that I would like to enter the priesthood. I want to be a priest.” His grandmother was nothing if not surprising, so he should not have been flabbergasted by her reaction but he was.

“I wondered when you would get the courage to come out with it. You would not be my grandson if you were a coward. You have concluded quite wrongly that I will stand in your way. It is true that I have had hopes that you might one day sit in the chief’s stool that your father and your grandfather once occupied; but things have changed and people are turning to different things. I had also hoped that you would marry and provide many sons to ensure the continuity of the house of Owuor Kembo; but no I will not stand in your way. However, from now henceforth you shall fully take your grandfather’s name so that as long as you live his name shall be heard among the people. You will not be Owuor Sino, but Owuor Kembo. That is all my boy. Do whatever the spirit bids you.”

Owuor could only say weakly; “Oh grandmother!” the two women smiled at each other over his head.

And so it was that Peter Owuor Kembo, aged fifteen – formerly Petro Owuor Sino found himself a Seminarian at St. Paul’s Seminary Rakwaro. His worldly possessions were few, his academic knowledge haphazard; but he had faith in God and therefore in himself and he had love in his heart and the solid love of three women behind him. Finally he had unbound hope in the future. So what if this hope was rosily coloured by his youthful enthusiasm? One wise man once said that it was better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. In the same vein, it is better to have been buoyed by hope, the horizons limitless before one, than to have lived in the grey world of timid fearfulness. The course of the world is changed by those who dare to dream. Some dream of wealth and others dream of fame; Owuor dreamt of a life expended in service. He who had never really known his father or the joys of a father-son relationship, now dreamt of being the spiritual father of many.

Paraphrase the verse that has just been read by Owuor and explain what makes it likeable to Maria? (3 marks)

Describe any two character traits of Akoko as brought out in the excerpt above. (4 marks)

Identify and comment on the various forms of conflicts that Owuor and Akoko undergo.

(4 marks)

“I had also hoped that you would marry and provide many sons to ensure the continuity of the house of Owuor Kembo…” In relation to what happens later in the novel, explain how the younger Owuor Kembo finally lives to fulfil his grandmother’s, Akoko’s, wish.

(3 marks)

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Identify and comment any two figures of speech present in the excerpt. (4 marks)

“Eventually she forgave herself – the last step in self-acceptance.” With reference to Maria’s life before this excerpt, explain why she finally forgives herself? (2 marks)

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What is the significance of Owuor’s change of name twice in the excerpt? (2 marks)

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Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt. (3marks)

vocation ……………………………………………………………………………
flabbergasted ……………………………………………………………………….

a life expended in service …………………………………………………………..

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

Footpath

Path – let … Leaving home, leading out

Return my mother to me.

The sun is sinking and darkness coming,

Hens and cocks are already inside and babies drowsing,

Return my mother to me.

We do not have firewood and I have not seen the lantern,

There is no more food and the water has run out

Path – let me pray, you return my mother to me.

Path of the small hills, path of the small stones

Path of slipperiness, path of the mud

Return my mother to me.

Path of papyrus, path of the rivers

Path of small forests, path of reeds

Return my mother to me

Path, I implore you, return my mother to me

Path of the crossways, path that branches off,

Path of the stringing shrubs, path of the bridge

Return my mother to me

Path of the open, path of the valley

Path of the steep climb, path of the downward slope

Return my mother to me.

Children are drowsing about to sleep,

Darkness is coming and there is no firewood,

And I have not found the lantern;

Return my mother to me.

Stella Ngatho.

Who is the persona in this poem? (2 marks)

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Identify and explain the effectiveness of any two stylistic devices. (6 marks)

What is the quality of the voice in the poem? (2 marks)

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Comment on the title of the poem. (2 marks)

Describe the general atmosphere created in the poem. (2mks)

With illustrations, briefly state three problems that the persona is facing. (3 marks)

Describe the setting of this poem. (3 marks)

a) Rewrite the following sentences as instructed, without changing the meaning. (2 marks)

(i) Pandya said, “I shall find it difficult to find the office without proper directions.” (Rewrite as reported speech, using ‘unless’.)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Should Mrs. Okello see you, she would be surprised. (Rewrite, Beginning: Were …)

b) Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate (3marks)

(i) Subsequent …………..the heavy rains many schools were closed in some parts of the country.

(ii) The three students were sent home ……………………… their unbecoming behaviour.

(iii) The farmers continued working on their farms ………………………. the unfavourable climatic conditions.

c) (i) I went into the room with a pile of files. I tripped on the carpet which had been rolled up. Rewrite as one sentence, using a present participle. (1 mark)

(ii) Adela is not accustomed to such behaviour. She was deeply shocked. (Use a past participle to join the two sentences. (1 mark)

d) Complete each of the following sentences using appropriate phrasal verbs, made up of the words given in bracket. (2 marks)

(i) Eggs don’t ……………………………………. me. (agree)

(ii) Can I …………………………………….. you for help? (count)

f) In each of the sentences below a group of words is underlined. Write down the best single word which may be used to replace it. (3 marks)

(ii) She is the one who filed the law suit.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) His argument is quite incapable of being understood.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Explain the difference in meaning between the pair of sentences.

(a.i) I saw the Secretary and Treasurer.

(a.ii) I saw the Secretary and the Treasurer.

(b.i) Jane shouldn’t have seen me yesterday.

(b.ii) Jane couldn’t have seen me yesterday.

KASSUJET JOINT EVALUATION EXAMINATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

ENGLISH 101/2

(Unseen text, Excerpt, Poetry, Grammar)

Marking scheme.

Question 1

The importance of humans to AI is that AI systems learn from the human partner and respond to human needs. 2mks
It is appropriate because machines are given human abilities. E.g. a production robot, is supposed to be designed in such a way that it has nearly human capabilities such as fine motor skills, perception, adaptability and cognition 2mks
The author wonders whether the future world of work will be a world where humans spend less time earning their livelihood, which is a good thing, while at the same time considering the possibility of negative effects of AI such as mass unemployment, mass poverty and social distortions. 2mks
Due to constant developments in AI, legislators are finding it difficult to cope by creating relevant laws related to AI 2mks
An employee must have additional qualifications connected to the work in question and be creative and talented in Math and science 2mks
Modern information technologies have already strongly influenced the world of work in

the 21st century, haven’t they? 1mk

Mark 5 points @ 1 mk
Robots and intelligent machines can have not only supporting, but even lifesaving functions
The faster the process of the division of labour and the more process steps can be described in detail, the sooner employees can be replaced by intelligent algorithms.

There will be hardly any need for employees who do simple and/or repetitive work.

The lower the demand for workers, the higher will be the companies’ demand for highly qualified employees.
Although not every future employee will be required to be an IT programmer, they should have a fundamental grasp of analytical and technical matters.
Autonomously- In a way that is not controlled by humans / In a self-controlled way

Untouchable-Considered too important to be replaced by Artificial Intelligence

Pioneer-Trendsetter / Original user / Innovator (3 mks)

Question 2

I cry to you O Lord, hear my voice, let your ears be attentive to my cry for mercy. If you, O lord kept a record of sins, who could stand?(Psalms 130: 1-3 )

Maria had backtracked from religion; when she went back to the village to live with Ogoma Kwach after his wife died. She felt that she had had sinned against God and was crying for forgiveness from God. / Her loss of several children before would make the verse likeable to her. 3 mks

Akoko is understanding,supportive. She accepts Owuor’s calling to be a priest.

She is observant. She had known that Owuor had been having something on his mind for a long time.

She is wise. She asks Owuor to adopt the grandfather’s name to ensure the continuity of her lineage. (two traits @ 2mks)

Owuor has a calling to priesthood but doesn’t want to disappoint his grandmother as he is to be the heir of the chief’s stool.

Akoko had hoped that Owuor would inherit the chief’s stool according to tradition but times had changed and she wouldn’t want to stand in his way.

She was also looking up to Owuor marrying and siring many sons to ensure continuity of the family; joining priesthood meant he couldn’t get his own biological children.

( two points @ 2mks)

Owuor Kembo is ordained as a priest and was sent to serve in a large parish where he became the father of many sons and daughters (3mks)
There is a simile. ….has been as jumpy as an ant with its tail in hot embers. Owuor had become restless due to the conflict he had been going through.

There is use of a metaphor. …… ‘hope rosily coloured by his youthful enthusiasm.’…..

‘ Solid love of three women’….. deep unreserved love from Akoko,Maria and Awiti.

Allusion- ‘that it was better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all’ a famous quote by Lord Tennyson

Personification. ‘…..Timid fearfulness’-……

(Id+ illust @ 1mk comment 1mk) Expect two figures of speech

She finally forgives herself for going against the demands of christianity of having one wife for one man just to look for a child; a son and realizes that all along she had a son in Owuor who loved her like a mother. 2mks
He changes the name Sino to Kembo to ensure the continuity of the grandfather’s family name and then to Peter; a Christian name/according to Christianity. 2mks
Vocation- a strong feeling that you should be doing a particular thing with your life

Flabbergasted- shocked, surprised

A life expended in service- a life spent or used to serve people

Question 3

The persona is a child – perhaps an older child – whose mother is away. The child is longing for her return. ‘Return my mother to me’. (2mks)
Repetition – ‘Path’ is repeated severally, to create the tone of the poem/ emphasis on the cause of the mother’s absence.

Personification – the paths are personified; the speaker begs them to return the mother.

Apostrophe – Path … Return my mother to me…- to show the persona’s desperate longing for the mother

Metaphor- path of papyrus… path of small hills etc.-shows the various places or challenges the persona or mother may have faced/ indicates the various paths the mother could have taken as she went out

(Expect any two well illustrated styles + the effectiveness 3marks for each. No mark for lack of one of these).

The poem has a pleading / imploring / beseeching tone. ‘..Path, I implore you, return my mother to me. (2mks)
The poem is in a sad mood. One feels sad at the concern and despair of the child who pleads for the mother’s return. (2mks)
The title is appropriate as it leads us to the events in the poem. The persona addresses the footpath requested it to return the mother. (2mks)
No food -There is no more food

No water- and the water has run out

No firewood -We do not have firewood

Missing the mother -Return my mother to me (Any 3 points @1mk)

The poem is set in a home stead and is in the evening. ‘The sun is sinking and darkness coming,’/ ‘Hens and cocks are already inside and babies drowsing,’ (3 marks)

4a) (i) Pandya said that unless she got proper directions, she would find it difficult to find

the office.

(ii) Were Mrs.Okello to see you, she would be surprised.

(b) (i) Subsequent to the heavy rains many schools were closed in some parts of the country.

(ii) The three students were sent home for their unbecoming behavior.

(iii)The farmers continued working on their farms despite the unfavourable climatic

conditions.

i) Going into the room with a pile of files, I tripped on the carpet which had been rolled up.
ii) Not accustomed to such behavior, Adela was deeply shocked.
(i) Eggs don’t agree with me

(ii) Can I count on you for help?

(i)His writing is illegible

(ii) She is the plaintiff/complainant/suer

(iii)His argument is incomprehensible/unintelligible/unfathomable/ungraspable

a) (i) The person I saw was both the secretary and treasurer

(ii) I saw two people; the secretary and the treasurer

b) (i) Jane saw me accidentally; she wasn’t meant to see me

(ii) Jane was too busy to see me/ she was not at a place where she could see

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